Optimisation of Extrusion Process Parameters for Producing Combined Breakfast Cereals Using Pumpkin Flour

The extrusion process plays a key role in the production of dry breakfast cereals, providing improved organoleptic properties, structure, and nutritional value. In recent decades, this method has been actively used in the food industry due to its high efficiency and ability to modify the physicochem...

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Main Authors: Madina Sultanova, Nazym Alzhaxina, Aigerim Saduakas, Anar Kabylda, Askhat Dalabayev, Madina Yakiyayeva, Nurtore Akzhanov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Ital Publication 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Human, Earth, and Future
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Online Access:https://hefjournal.org/index.php/HEF/article/view/595
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author Madina Sultanova
Nazym Alzhaxina
Aigerim Saduakas
Anar Kabylda
Askhat Dalabayev
Madina Yakiyayeva
Nurtore Akzhanov
author_facet Madina Sultanova
Nazym Alzhaxina
Aigerim Saduakas
Anar Kabylda
Askhat Dalabayev
Madina Yakiyayeva
Nurtore Akzhanov
author_sort Madina Sultanova
collection DOAJ
description The extrusion process plays a key role in the production of dry breakfast cereals, providing improved organoleptic properties, structure, and nutritional value. In recent decades, this method has been actively used in the food industry due to its high efficiency and ability to modify the physicochemical characteristics of raw materials. The aim of this study is to optimise the process parameters of extrusion in the production of combined dry breakfast cereals with added pumpkin flour. For this purpose, the Box–Behnken rotational experimental design method and regression analysis were used to assess the effect of temperature (130–170°C), raw material moisture (10%–18%), and screw speed (180–300 rpm) on the quality indicators of the extruded product. At 170°C, a raw material moisture of 18%, and a screw speed of 180–210 rpm, a product with low bulk density, high expansion coefficient, and optimal water absorption and solubility indicators was formed. The best technological characteristics were achieved at 170°C, 18% humidity, and 210 rpm, providing an expansion coefficient of 3.8, a water absorption index of 3.2 g/g, a water solubility index of 2.2%, a bulk density of 0.43 g/cm³, and a β-carotene content of 5.9 mg/100 g. Adding pumpkin flour positively affected the functional value of extrudates, increasing the dietary fibre, β-carotene, and antioxidant contents. However, introducing more than 15% pumpkin decreased the expansion coefficient and increased the bulk density due to changes in the moisture content and viscosity of the mixture. The novelty of the study lies in the scientific substantiation of the optimal extrusion parameters with added pumpkin flour for the development of functional breakfast cereals with improved nutritional and organoleptic characteristics, helping to expand the range of healthy food products.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2785-2997
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
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spelling doaj-art-7eddb8c65fc64e928901e2bd884393662025-08-25T09:29:58ZengItal PublicationJournal of Human, Earth, and Future2785-29972025-06-016224726110.28991/HEF-2025-06-02-01543Optimisation of Extrusion Process Parameters for Producing Combined Breakfast Cereals Using Pumpkin FlourMadina Sultanova0Nazym Alzhaxina1Aigerim Saduakas2Anar Kabylda3Askhat Dalabayev4Madina Yakiyayeva5Nurtore Akzhanov6Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry LLP, Almaty, 050060Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry LLP, Almaty, 050060Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry LLP, Almaty, 050060Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry LLP, Almaty, 050060Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry LLP, Almaty, 050060Almaty Technological University, 100 Tole bi Street, Almaty, 050012Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry LLP, Almaty, 050060The extrusion process plays a key role in the production of dry breakfast cereals, providing improved organoleptic properties, structure, and nutritional value. In recent decades, this method has been actively used in the food industry due to its high efficiency and ability to modify the physicochemical characteristics of raw materials. The aim of this study is to optimise the process parameters of extrusion in the production of combined dry breakfast cereals with added pumpkin flour. For this purpose, the Box–Behnken rotational experimental design method and regression analysis were used to assess the effect of temperature (130–170°C), raw material moisture (10%–18%), and screw speed (180–300 rpm) on the quality indicators of the extruded product. At 170°C, a raw material moisture of 18%, and a screw speed of 180–210 rpm, a product with low bulk density, high expansion coefficient, and optimal water absorption and solubility indicators was formed. The best technological characteristics were achieved at 170°C, 18% humidity, and 210 rpm, providing an expansion coefficient of 3.8, a water absorption index of 3.2 g/g, a water solubility index of 2.2%, a bulk density of 0.43 g/cm³, and a β-carotene content of 5.9 mg/100 g. Adding pumpkin flour positively affected the functional value of extrudates, increasing the dietary fibre, β-carotene, and antioxidant contents. However, introducing more than 15% pumpkin decreased the expansion coefficient and increased the bulk density due to changes in the moisture content and viscosity of the mixture. The novelty of the study lies in the scientific substantiation of the optimal extrusion parameters with added pumpkin flour for the development of functional breakfast cereals with improved nutritional and organoleptic characteristics, helping to expand the range of healthy food products.https://hefjournal.org/index.php/HEF/article/view/595extrusionbreakfast cerealsoptimal parametersbeta-carotenetexture improvements
spellingShingle Madina Sultanova
Nazym Alzhaxina
Aigerim Saduakas
Anar Kabylda
Askhat Dalabayev
Madina Yakiyayeva
Nurtore Akzhanov
Optimisation of Extrusion Process Parameters for Producing Combined Breakfast Cereals Using Pumpkin Flour
Journal of Human, Earth, and Future
extrusion
breakfast cereals
optimal parameters
beta-carotene
texture improvements
title Optimisation of Extrusion Process Parameters for Producing Combined Breakfast Cereals Using Pumpkin Flour
title_full Optimisation of Extrusion Process Parameters for Producing Combined Breakfast Cereals Using Pumpkin Flour
title_fullStr Optimisation of Extrusion Process Parameters for Producing Combined Breakfast Cereals Using Pumpkin Flour
title_full_unstemmed Optimisation of Extrusion Process Parameters for Producing Combined Breakfast Cereals Using Pumpkin Flour
title_short Optimisation of Extrusion Process Parameters for Producing Combined Breakfast Cereals Using Pumpkin Flour
title_sort optimisation of extrusion process parameters for producing combined breakfast cereals using pumpkin flour
topic extrusion
breakfast cereals
optimal parameters
beta-carotene
texture improvements
url https://hefjournal.org/index.php/HEF/article/view/595
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