Thymic B cells in aging and autoimmune disease

Thymic B cells comprise a heterogenous population of cells localized primarily within the thymic medulla, a region populated by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells, medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), and macrophages. Through expression and presentation of s...

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Main Authors: Sarah A. Wedemeyer, Ann V. Griffith
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1595805/full
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author Sarah A. Wedemeyer
Ann V. Griffith
author_facet Sarah A. Wedemeyer
Ann V. Griffith
author_sort Sarah A. Wedemeyer
collection DOAJ
description Thymic B cells comprise a heterogenous population of cells localized primarily within the thymic medulla, a region populated by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells, medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), and macrophages. Through expression and presentation of self-antigens, these APCs are responsible for shaping the normal T cell repertoire by negatively selecting thymocytes recognizing self-antigens. It is now clear that thymic B cells have the capacity to participate in negative selection and present cognate antigens distinct from other medullary APCs, thus serving a non-redundant role in mediating T cell central tolerance. Recent work has linked thymic B cells with the development of multiple autoimmune diseases, many of which are increased in prevalence with aging. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the role of thymic B cell subsets in promoting negative selection and immune homeostasis, with a primary focus on the impact of aging on their tolerizing capacity and involvement in autoimmune diseases, highlighting thymic B cells as a potential novel therapeutic target to improve clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmune diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-7ed9450209d04d5394393eb9bbd5869c2025-08-20T02:10:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-06-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15958051595805Thymic B cells in aging and autoimmune diseaseSarah A. WedemeyerAnn V. GriffithThymic B cells comprise a heterogenous population of cells localized primarily within the thymic medulla, a region populated by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells, medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), and macrophages. Through expression and presentation of self-antigens, these APCs are responsible for shaping the normal T cell repertoire by negatively selecting thymocytes recognizing self-antigens. It is now clear that thymic B cells have the capacity to participate in negative selection and present cognate antigens distinct from other medullary APCs, thus serving a non-redundant role in mediating T cell central tolerance. Recent work has linked thymic B cells with the development of multiple autoimmune diseases, many of which are increased in prevalence with aging. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the role of thymic B cell subsets in promoting negative selection and immune homeostasis, with a primary focus on the impact of aging on their tolerizing capacity and involvement in autoimmune diseases, highlighting thymic B cells as a potential novel therapeutic target to improve clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmune diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1595805/fullthymusagingB cellsautoimmune diseasetolerance
spellingShingle Sarah A. Wedemeyer
Ann V. Griffith
Thymic B cells in aging and autoimmune disease
Frontiers in Immunology
thymus
aging
B cells
autoimmune disease
tolerance
title Thymic B cells in aging and autoimmune disease
title_full Thymic B cells in aging and autoimmune disease
title_fullStr Thymic B cells in aging and autoimmune disease
title_full_unstemmed Thymic B cells in aging and autoimmune disease
title_short Thymic B cells in aging and autoimmune disease
title_sort thymic b cells in aging and autoimmune disease
topic thymus
aging
B cells
autoimmune disease
tolerance
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1595805/full
work_keys_str_mv AT sarahawedemeyer thymicbcellsinagingandautoimmunedisease
AT annvgriffith thymicbcellsinagingandautoimmunedisease