Unconscious priming of task-switching generalizes to an untrained task.

Evidence suggests that subliminal stimuli can influence ostensibly volitional, executive processes but it is unclear whether this is highly task-specific. To address this we used a set-switching task. Volunteers saw a word pair and reported either if both words had the same number of syllables or if...

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Main Authors: Tom Manly, Jessica E Fish, Sarah Griffiths, Meike Molenveld, Fanzhi A Zhou, Greg J Davis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088416
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author Tom Manly
Jessica E Fish
Sarah Griffiths
Meike Molenveld
Fanzhi A Zhou
Greg J Davis
author_facet Tom Manly
Jessica E Fish
Sarah Griffiths
Meike Molenveld
Fanzhi A Zhou
Greg J Davis
author_sort Tom Manly
collection DOAJ
description Evidence suggests that subliminal stimuli can influence ostensibly volitional, executive processes but it is unclear whether this is highly task-specific. To address this we used a set-switching task. Volunteers saw a word pair and reported either if both words had the same number of syllables or if both were concrete. Task selection was random and instructed by a hexagon/triangle preceding the words. A subliminally-presented square or diamond reliably preceded each of these consciously perceived instruction-shapes. Significant congruency effects were observed in a subsequent Test Phase in which primes no longer reliably predicted the task (and in which high/low tones now served as conscious instructions). The Generalization Phase required novel phonological (rhyme) or semantic (category) judgments. Remarkably, unconscious priming congruency effects carried over in those participants who had shown priming in the Test Phase, the degree correlating across the two conditions. In a final phase of the study, participants were asked to discriminate between the two originally presented prime shapes. Those participants whose discriminations were more accurate showed reduced priming relative to participants with less accurate discriminations. The results suggest that, rather than being highly task specific, priming can operate at the level of a generalizable process and that greater awareness of primes may lessen their impact on behavior.
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spelling doaj-art-7ed7c338e2574df1ac4199c229caa90f2025-08-20T02:34:14ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0192e8841610.1371/journal.pone.0088416Unconscious priming of task-switching generalizes to an untrained task.Tom ManlyJessica E FishSarah GriffithsMeike MolenveldFanzhi A ZhouGreg J DavisEvidence suggests that subliminal stimuli can influence ostensibly volitional, executive processes but it is unclear whether this is highly task-specific. To address this we used a set-switching task. Volunteers saw a word pair and reported either if both words had the same number of syllables or if both were concrete. Task selection was random and instructed by a hexagon/triangle preceding the words. A subliminally-presented square or diamond reliably preceded each of these consciously perceived instruction-shapes. Significant congruency effects were observed in a subsequent Test Phase in which primes no longer reliably predicted the task (and in which high/low tones now served as conscious instructions). The Generalization Phase required novel phonological (rhyme) or semantic (category) judgments. Remarkably, unconscious priming congruency effects carried over in those participants who had shown priming in the Test Phase, the degree correlating across the two conditions. In a final phase of the study, participants were asked to discriminate between the two originally presented prime shapes. Those participants whose discriminations were more accurate showed reduced priming relative to participants with less accurate discriminations. The results suggest that, rather than being highly task specific, priming can operate at the level of a generalizable process and that greater awareness of primes may lessen their impact on behavior.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088416
spellingShingle Tom Manly
Jessica E Fish
Sarah Griffiths
Meike Molenveld
Fanzhi A Zhou
Greg J Davis
Unconscious priming of task-switching generalizes to an untrained task.
PLoS ONE
title Unconscious priming of task-switching generalizes to an untrained task.
title_full Unconscious priming of task-switching generalizes to an untrained task.
title_fullStr Unconscious priming of task-switching generalizes to an untrained task.
title_full_unstemmed Unconscious priming of task-switching generalizes to an untrained task.
title_short Unconscious priming of task-switching generalizes to an untrained task.
title_sort unconscious priming of task switching generalizes to an untrained task
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088416
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