Rockfall Mapping and Monitoring Across the Kalymnos Sport Rock Climbing Sites, Based on Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data and Integrated Simulations

This manuscript presents a multidisciplinary study that proposes a methodology for delineating and categorizing vulnerability at rockfall risk areas to avoid human injuries and infrastructure damage caused by rockfalls. The presented workflow includes (i) classical geological mapping, (ii) the inter...

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Main Authors: Emmanuel Vassilakis, Aliki Konsolaki, Konstantinos Soukis, Sofia Laskari, Evelina Kotsi, John Lialiaris, Efthymios Lekkas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Land
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1873
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author Emmanuel Vassilakis
Aliki Konsolaki
Konstantinos Soukis
Sofia Laskari
Evelina Kotsi
John Lialiaris
Efthymios Lekkas
author_facet Emmanuel Vassilakis
Aliki Konsolaki
Konstantinos Soukis
Sofia Laskari
Evelina Kotsi
John Lialiaris
Efthymios Lekkas
author_sort Emmanuel Vassilakis
collection DOAJ
description This manuscript presents a multidisciplinary study that proposes a methodology for delineating and categorizing vulnerability at rockfall risk areas to avoid human injuries and infrastructure damage caused by rockfalls. The presented workflow includes (i) classical geological mapping, (ii) the interpretation of high-resolution satellite data for observing the spatial distribution of fallen boulders, (iii) analytical hierarchy processing of spatial information within a Geographical Information System (GIS) platform, (iv) close-range remote sensing campaigns with Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs), and (v) integrated simulation of rockfall events. This methodology was applied to Kalymnos Island, which belongs to the Dodecanese Islands complex of the southeastern Aegean Sea in Greece. It is characterized by unique geomorphological features, including extensive vertical limestone cliffs that span the island. These cliffs make it one of the world’s most densely concentrated areas for sport climbing. The results highlighted the areas that the local authorities need to focus on and suggested measures for increasing the safety of climbers and infrastructure.
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issn 2073-445X
language English
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publisher MDPI AG
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series Land
spelling doaj-art-7ed35c18868e4101bf2c2f103bc101f12025-08-20T01:53:57ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2024-11-011311187310.3390/land13111873Rockfall Mapping and Monitoring Across the Kalymnos Sport Rock Climbing Sites, Based on Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data and Integrated SimulationsEmmanuel Vassilakis0Aliki Konsolaki1Konstantinos Soukis2Sofia Laskari3Evelina Kotsi4John Lialiaris5Efthymios Lekkas6Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceGeodesign PPC, 12134 Peristeri, GreeceDepartment of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceThis manuscript presents a multidisciplinary study that proposes a methodology for delineating and categorizing vulnerability at rockfall risk areas to avoid human injuries and infrastructure damage caused by rockfalls. The presented workflow includes (i) classical geological mapping, (ii) the interpretation of high-resolution satellite data for observing the spatial distribution of fallen boulders, (iii) analytical hierarchy processing of spatial information within a Geographical Information System (GIS) platform, (iv) close-range remote sensing campaigns with Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs), and (v) integrated simulation of rockfall events. This methodology was applied to Kalymnos Island, which belongs to the Dodecanese Islands complex of the southeastern Aegean Sea in Greece. It is characterized by unique geomorphological features, including extensive vertical limestone cliffs that span the island. These cliffs make it one of the world’s most densely concentrated areas for sport climbing. The results highlighted the areas that the local authorities need to focus on and suggested measures for increasing the safety of climbers and infrastructure.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1873Unmanned Aerial SystemsStructure-from-MotionWorldView-3analytical hierarchy processingGIS
spellingShingle Emmanuel Vassilakis
Aliki Konsolaki
Konstantinos Soukis
Sofia Laskari
Evelina Kotsi
John Lialiaris
Efthymios Lekkas
Rockfall Mapping and Monitoring Across the Kalymnos Sport Rock Climbing Sites, Based on Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data and Integrated Simulations
Land
Unmanned Aerial Systems
Structure-from-Motion
WorldView-3
analytical hierarchy processing
GIS
title Rockfall Mapping and Monitoring Across the Kalymnos Sport Rock Climbing Sites, Based on Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data and Integrated Simulations
title_full Rockfall Mapping and Monitoring Across the Kalymnos Sport Rock Climbing Sites, Based on Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data and Integrated Simulations
title_fullStr Rockfall Mapping and Monitoring Across the Kalymnos Sport Rock Climbing Sites, Based on Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data and Integrated Simulations
title_full_unstemmed Rockfall Mapping and Monitoring Across the Kalymnos Sport Rock Climbing Sites, Based on Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data and Integrated Simulations
title_short Rockfall Mapping and Monitoring Across the Kalymnos Sport Rock Climbing Sites, Based on Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data and Integrated Simulations
title_sort rockfall mapping and monitoring across the kalymnos sport rock climbing sites based on ultra high resolution remote sensing data and integrated simulations
topic Unmanned Aerial Systems
Structure-from-Motion
WorldView-3
analytical hierarchy processing
GIS
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1873
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