Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in poultry and cattle farms in India: Prevalence and survey-based risk factors

Objective: Unregulated use of antibiotics in animal-production leads to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli), posing significant public health threats. This study aimed to assess and compare the role...

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Main Authors: Hina Malik, Randhir Singh, Simranpreet Kaur, Neha Parmar, Anuj Tyagi, R.S. Aulakh, Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716525001705
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author Hina Malik
Randhir Singh
Simranpreet Kaur
Neha Parmar
Anuj Tyagi
R.S. Aulakh
Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
author_facet Hina Malik
Randhir Singh
Simranpreet Kaur
Neha Parmar
Anuj Tyagi
R.S. Aulakh
Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
author_sort Hina Malik
collection DOAJ
description Objective: Unregulated use of antibiotics in animal-production leads to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli), posing significant public health threats. This study aimed to assess and compare the role of cattle and poultry, along with farmworkers, in the emergence and spread of ESBL E. coli using a human-animal interface approach in One-Health framework. Methods: Twenty cattle and 20 poultry farms in Ludhiana, India, were surveyed to determine antibiotic usage and biosecurity in farms. Animal faeces/poultry droppings, farmworkers hand swabs, and stool samples were examined for the presence of ESBL E. coli. The isolates were screened for antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes. Generalized linear mixed models explored the variations in ESBL E. coli prevalence based on farm animal species, practices, and biosecurity measures. Results: A higher prevalence of ESBL E. coli was identified in poultry (63.5%) compared to cattle (46%) and farmworkers (12%), which aligns with higher antibiotic use in poultry (85%) than cattle (70%). Most isolates (86.52%) were MDR, with poultry farm isolates having 97% MDR and 90.7% carrying the blaCTXM gene. Generalized linear mixed models analysis revealed improved biosecurity and low antibiotic use were associated with lower ESBL E. coli prevalence. Conclusions: This study highlights cattle and poultry farms as reservoirs for MDR and ESBL E. coli, contributing to rising environmental burden of antimicrobial resistance genes. It underscores the need to reduce antibiotic use in animal farming, particularly poultry, to address emerging antibiotic resistance and protect both animal and human health.
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spelling doaj-art-7ecff813e2f744b2b6e649441c778c162025-08-23T04:48:23ZengElsevierJournal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance2213-71652025-09-014438639310.1016/j.jgar.2025.07.013Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in poultry and cattle farms in India: Prevalence and survey-based risk factorsHina Malik0Randhir Singh1Simranpreet Kaur2Neha Parmar3Anuj Tyagi4R.S. Aulakh5Jatinder Paul Singh Gill6Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaCentre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India; Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ferozpur road, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaCentre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaCollege of Fisheries Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaCentre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaCentre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaObjective: Unregulated use of antibiotics in animal-production leads to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli), posing significant public health threats. This study aimed to assess and compare the role of cattle and poultry, along with farmworkers, in the emergence and spread of ESBL E. coli using a human-animal interface approach in One-Health framework. Methods: Twenty cattle and 20 poultry farms in Ludhiana, India, were surveyed to determine antibiotic usage and biosecurity in farms. Animal faeces/poultry droppings, farmworkers hand swabs, and stool samples were examined for the presence of ESBL E. coli. The isolates were screened for antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes. Generalized linear mixed models explored the variations in ESBL E. coli prevalence based on farm animal species, practices, and biosecurity measures. Results: A higher prevalence of ESBL E. coli was identified in poultry (63.5%) compared to cattle (46%) and farmworkers (12%), which aligns with higher antibiotic use in poultry (85%) than cattle (70%). Most isolates (86.52%) were MDR, with poultry farm isolates having 97% MDR and 90.7% carrying the blaCTXM gene. Generalized linear mixed models analysis revealed improved biosecurity and low antibiotic use were associated with lower ESBL E. coli prevalence. Conclusions: This study highlights cattle and poultry farms as reservoirs for MDR and ESBL E. coli, contributing to rising environmental burden of antimicrobial resistance genes. It underscores the need to reduce antibiotic use in animal farming, particularly poultry, to address emerging antibiotic resistance and protect both animal and human health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716525001705ESBL E. coliPoultryCattleAntimicrobial resistanceBeta-lactam resistance genesCluster analysis
spellingShingle Hina Malik
Randhir Singh
Simranpreet Kaur
Neha Parmar
Anuj Tyagi
R.S. Aulakh
Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in poultry and cattle farms in India: Prevalence and survey-based risk factors
Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
ESBL E. coli
Poultry
Cattle
Antimicrobial resistance
Beta-lactam resistance genes
Cluster analysis
title Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in poultry and cattle farms in India: Prevalence and survey-based risk factors
title_full Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in poultry and cattle farms in India: Prevalence and survey-based risk factors
title_fullStr Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in poultry and cattle farms in India: Prevalence and survey-based risk factors
title_full_unstemmed Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in poultry and cattle farms in India: Prevalence and survey-based risk factors
title_short Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in poultry and cattle farms in India: Prevalence and survey-based risk factors
title_sort multidrug resistant extended spectrum beta lactamase producing escherichia coli in poultry and cattle farms in india prevalence and survey based risk factors
topic ESBL E. coli
Poultry
Cattle
Antimicrobial resistance
Beta-lactam resistance genes
Cluster analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716525001705
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