Elucidating the Pathogen Variability of Northern Leaf Blight of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Bihar, India
Exserohilum turcicum is an emerging pathogen of maize causing the northern leaf blight (NLB) disease with severe losses. The disease prevails all over the area under production but has varying severity. A temperature of 13°C to 33°C, along with 75-84% relative humidity, favours the pathogen developm...
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Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://microbiologyjournal.org/elucidating-the-pathogen-variability-of-northern-leaf-blight-of-maize-zea-mays-l-in-bihar-india/ |
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| author | Md. Arshad Anwer Amod Kumar Md. Mahtab Rashid Shamsher Ahmad Md. Abu Nayyer Mohammad Imran Md. Reyaz Ahmad Raj Narain Singh |
| author_facet | Md. Arshad Anwer Amod Kumar Md. Mahtab Rashid Shamsher Ahmad Md. Abu Nayyer Mohammad Imran Md. Reyaz Ahmad Raj Narain Singh |
| author_sort | Md. Arshad Anwer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exserohilum turcicum is an emerging pathogen of maize causing the northern leaf blight (NLB) disease with severe losses. The disease prevails all over the area under production but has varying severity. A temperature of 13°C to 33°C, along with 75-84% relative humidity, favours the pathogen development and growth. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to assess the prevalence of the disease in Bihar and the cultural, morphological, and pathogenic variability among the population through extensive field surveys conducted in maize-growing areas of seven major maize-producing districts of Bihar, India. A total of twenty-one isolates were identified as E. turcicum, which showed varying colony characteristics, colony margin, margin colour, pigmentation, growth pattern, sporulation, conidial shape, conidial size, and conidial septa. However, all the isolates produced characteristic symptoms of cigar-shaped necrotic lesions with variation in disease reaction on the leaves of susceptible maize inbred line CM-202. The isolates were categorized into three phylogenetic clusters with a coefficient of 0.42 based on their variations. A similar trend was observed, and three clusters with a coefficient of 0.52 were confirmed based on the disease reaction under field conditions. The isolates constituting Cluster I were deemed high virulent, followed by Cluster II as moderate virulent, and Cluster III as low virulent. All the isolates were further identified as Setosphaeria turcica, a teleomorph stage of E. turcicum, through molecular identification using ITS sequence analysis. Conclusively, a higher variability among the pathogen population was present, thus leading to the disease emergence, and their virulence assessment will aid in the identification of races and simultaneously accelerate the resistance breeding programmes in maize. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7ece6ee4a39945c7a8e2f25574fa6905 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0973-7510 2581-690X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-7ece6ee4a39945c7a8e2f25574fa69052025-08-20T02:39:24ZengJournal of Pure and Applied MicrobiologyJournal of Pure and Applied Microbiology0973-75102581-690X2024-12-0118428622874https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.18.4.57Elucidating the Pathogen Variability of Northern Leaf Blight of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Bihar, IndiaMd. Arshad Anwerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8892-992XAmod Kumarhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-1565-8714Md. Mahtab Rashidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1216-1376Shamsher Ahmadhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8583-7069Md. Abu Nayyerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3871-8806Mohammad Imranhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-2496-1299Md. Reyaz Ahmadhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7992-9650Raj Narain Singhhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-0755Exserohilum turcicum is an emerging pathogen of maize causing the northern leaf blight (NLB) disease with severe losses. The disease prevails all over the area under production but has varying severity. A temperature of 13°C to 33°C, along with 75-84% relative humidity, favours the pathogen development and growth. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to assess the prevalence of the disease in Bihar and the cultural, morphological, and pathogenic variability among the population through extensive field surveys conducted in maize-growing areas of seven major maize-producing districts of Bihar, India. A total of twenty-one isolates were identified as E. turcicum, which showed varying colony characteristics, colony margin, margin colour, pigmentation, growth pattern, sporulation, conidial shape, conidial size, and conidial septa. However, all the isolates produced characteristic symptoms of cigar-shaped necrotic lesions with variation in disease reaction on the leaves of susceptible maize inbred line CM-202. The isolates were categorized into three phylogenetic clusters with a coefficient of 0.42 based on their variations. A similar trend was observed, and three clusters with a coefficient of 0.52 were confirmed based on the disease reaction under field conditions. The isolates constituting Cluster I were deemed high virulent, followed by Cluster II as moderate virulent, and Cluster III as low virulent. All the isolates were further identified as Setosphaeria turcica, a teleomorph stage of E. turcicum, through molecular identification using ITS sequence analysis. Conclusively, a higher variability among the pathogen population was present, thus leading to the disease emergence, and their virulence assessment will aid in the identification of races and simultaneously accelerate the resistance breeding programmes in maize.https://microbiologyjournal.org/elucidating-the-pathogen-variability-of-northern-leaf-blight-of-maize-zea-mays-l-in-bihar-india/maizenorthern leaf blightexserohilum turcicumpathogen variability18s rdna |
| spellingShingle | Md. Arshad Anwer Amod Kumar Md. Mahtab Rashid Shamsher Ahmad Md. Abu Nayyer Mohammad Imran Md. Reyaz Ahmad Raj Narain Singh Elucidating the Pathogen Variability of Northern Leaf Blight of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Bihar, India Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology maize northern leaf blight exserohilum turcicum pathogen variability 18s rdna |
| title | Elucidating the Pathogen Variability of Northern Leaf Blight of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Bihar, India |
| title_full | Elucidating the Pathogen Variability of Northern Leaf Blight of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Bihar, India |
| title_fullStr | Elucidating the Pathogen Variability of Northern Leaf Blight of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Bihar, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elucidating the Pathogen Variability of Northern Leaf Blight of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Bihar, India |
| title_short | Elucidating the Pathogen Variability of Northern Leaf Blight of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Bihar, India |
| title_sort | elucidating the pathogen variability of northern leaf blight of maize zea mays l in bihar india |
| topic | maize northern leaf blight exserohilum turcicum pathogen variability 18s rdna |
| url | https://microbiologyjournal.org/elucidating-the-pathogen-variability-of-northern-leaf-blight-of-maize-zea-mays-l-in-bihar-india/ |
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