Effects of Parameter Variations Generated by Pumping on LNAPL Migration in the Aquitard: An Analytical and Experimental Study

The parameter variations in the aquitard have an important influence on the migration laws of contaminants in the aquitard. In order to study the influence of dynamic changes in parameters during pumping on the migration laws of Light Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) in the aquitard, the one-dimensi...

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Main Authors: Yue Su, Yong Huang, Huan Shen, Xiaosong Dong, Xiaochang Sun, Zhimin Fu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Toxics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/6/471
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author Yue Su
Yong Huang
Huan Shen
Xiaosong Dong
Xiaochang Sun
Zhimin Fu
author_facet Yue Su
Yong Huang
Huan Shen
Xiaosong Dong
Xiaochang Sun
Zhimin Fu
author_sort Yue Su
collection DOAJ
description The parameter variations in the aquitard have an important influence on the migration laws of contaminants in the aquitard. In order to study the influence of dynamic changes in parameters during pumping on the migration laws of Light Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) in the aquitard, the one-dimensional consolidation and groundwater flow equations for the aquitard were employed to derive the governing equations for the migration of LNAPL in the aquitard. A self-designed experimental platform was developed to investigate the effects of the pore water pressure, consolidation deformation, and pumping rate on LNAPL migration during pumping. The laboratory experimental results indicated that during pumping, the migration behavior of LNAPL in the aquitard typically exhibited a trend toward the pumping well and the overlying aquifer. The closer to the pumping well, the greater the change in the pore water pressure, the greater the amount of consolidation deformation, the earlier the state of densification, and the slower the migration rate of LNAPL in the aquitard. The nearer to the bottom of the aquitard, the larger the amount of consolidation deformation in the aquitard and the slower the migration rate of LNAPL in the aquitard. Also, the pumping rate had an important influence on groundwater flow movement and contaminant migration. The characteristics of parameter variations in the aquitard and laws of LNAPL migration during pumping were systematically studied and analyzed; these research results can provide a reference for the prediction and remediation of LNAPL in contaminated sites.
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spelling doaj-art-7ec440971bec409b80fb25e57b2065692025-08-20T03:29:43ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-06-0113647110.3390/toxics13060471Effects of Parameter Variations Generated by Pumping on LNAPL Migration in the Aquitard: An Analytical and Experimental StudyYue Su0Yong Huang1Huan Shen2Xiaosong Dong3Xiaochang Sun4Zhimin Fu5School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaFaculty of Management Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaThe parameter variations in the aquitard have an important influence on the migration laws of contaminants in the aquitard. In order to study the influence of dynamic changes in parameters during pumping on the migration laws of Light Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) in the aquitard, the one-dimensional consolidation and groundwater flow equations for the aquitard were employed to derive the governing equations for the migration of LNAPL in the aquitard. A self-designed experimental platform was developed to investigate the effects of the pore water pressure, consolidation deformation, and pumping rate on LNAPL migration during pumping. The laboratory experimental results indicated that during pumping, the migration behavior of LNAPL in the aquitard typically exhibited a trend toward the pumping well and the overlying aquifer. The closer to the pumping well, the greater the change in the pore water pressure, the greater the amount of consolidation deformation, the earlier the state of densification, and the slower the migration rate of LNAPL in the aquitard. The nearer to the bottom of the aquitard, the larger the amount of consolidation deformation in the aquitard and the slower the migration rate of LNAPL in the aquitard. Also, the pumping rate had an important influence on groundwater flow movement and contaminant migration. The characteristics of parameter variations in the aquitard and laws of LNAPL migration during pumping were systematically studied and analyzed; these research results can provide a reference for the prediction and remediation of LNAPL in contaminated sites.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/6/471LNAPL migrationaquitardanalytical solutionsparameter variationslaboratory experiments
spellingShingle Yue Su
Yong Huang
Huan Shen
Xiaosong Dong
Xiaochang Sun
Zhimin Fu
Effects of Parameter Variations Generated by Pumping on LNAPL Migration in the Aquitard: An Analytical and Experimental Study
Toxics
LNAPL migration
aquitard
analytical solutions
parameter variations
laboratory experiments
title Effects of Parameter Variations Generated by Pumping on LNAPL Migration in the Aquitard: An Analytical and Experimental Study
title_full Effects of Parameter Variations Generated by Pumping on LNAPL Migration in the Aquitard: An Analytical and Experimental Study
title_fullStr Effects of Parameter Variations Generated by Pumping on LNAPL Migration in the Aquitard: An Analytical and Experimental Study
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Parameter Variations Generated by Pumping on LNAPL Migration in the Aquitard: An Analytical and Experimental Study
title_short Effects of Parameter Variations Generated by Pumping on LNAPL Migration in the Aquitard: An Analytical and Experimental Study
title_sort effects of parameter variations generated by pumping on lnapl migration in the aquitard an analytical and experimental study
topic LNAPL migration
aquitard
analytical solutions
parameter variations
laboratory experiments
url https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/6/471
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