A Case Study of a Hailstorm in the Shanghai Region: Leveraging Multisource Observational Data and a Novel Single-Polarization X-Band Array Weather Radar
This study investigates a severe summer convective hailstorm that occurred in Shanghai on 18 August 2019, using multisource meteorological datasets, with a particular focus on the innovative application of a single-polarization X-band array weather radar (AWR). Radiosonde data revealed high convecti...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Xiaoqiong Zhen Hongbin Chen Hongrong Shi Xuehua Fan Haojun Chen Jie Fu Wanyi Wei Shuqing Ma Ling Yang Jianxin He |
| author_facet | Xiaoqiong Zhen Hongbin Chen Hongrong Shi Xuehua Fan Haojun Chen Jie Fu Wanyi Wei Shuqing Ma Ling Yang Jianxin He |
| author_sort | Xiaoqiong Zhen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates a severe summer convective hailstorm that occurred in Shanghai on 18 August 2019, using multisource meteorological datasets, with a particular focus on the innovative application of a single-polarization X-band array weather radar (AWR). Radiosonde data revealed high convective available potential energy and unstable atmospheric indices, while wind profiler radars (WPRs) showed initial easterly moisture transport near the ground and strong southwesterly flow aloft, both contributing significantly to intense convection. Ground-based automatic meteorological stations (AMSs) recorded abrupt temperature drops of approximately 10 °C and wind speed increases exceeding 20 m s<sup>−1</sup>, which aligned closely with the rapid expansion of the hailstorm. In addition, an integrated analysis of data from AWR, WPRs, and AMSs enabled detailed tracking of the storm’s evolution, providing deeper insights into the interplay between moisture transport and dynamic lifting. The AWR’s unique ability to capture divergence and vorticity fields at different altitudes revealed low-level convergence coupled with high-level divergence and cyclonic rotation, sustaining convective updrafts. This study underscores the value of high-resolution AWR data in capturing short-lived, intense precipitation processes, thereby enhancing our understanding of wind field structures and storm development. These findings highlight the comprehensive application of AWR data and the potential of this new high-spatiotemporal-resolution radar for investigating the mechanisms of short-lived severe convective processes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7e9ba022cf8c413fbbceb5e7226568aa |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-7e9ba022cf8c413fbbceb5e7226568aa2025-08-20T02:58:48ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-01259287010.3390/s25092870A Case Study of a Hailstorm in the Shanghai Region: Leveraging Multisource Observational Data and a Novel Single-Polarization X-Band Array Weather RadarXiaoqiong Zhen0Hongbin Chen1Hongrong Shi2Xuehua Fan3Haojun Chen4Jie Fu5Wanyi Wei6Shuqing Ma7Ling Yang8Jianxin He9College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaKey Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaKey Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaKey Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaShanghai Meteorological Information and Technology Support Center, Shanghai 200030, ChinaCollege of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaEastone Washon Science and Technology Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, ChinaMeteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaCollege of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaCollege of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaThis study investigates a severe summer convective hailstorm that occurred in Shanghai on 18 August 2019, using multisource meteorological datasets, with a particular focus on the innovative application of a single-polarization X-band array weather radar (AWR). Radiosonde data revealed high convective available potential energy and unstable atmospheric indices, while wind profiler radars (WPRs) showed initial easterly moisture transport near the ground and strong southwesterly flow aloft, both contributing significantly to intense convection. Ground-based automatic meteorological stations (AMSs) recorded abrupt temperature drops of approximately 10 °C and wind speed increases exceeding 20 m s<sup>−1</sup>, which aligned closely with the rapid expansion of the hailstorm. In addition, an integrated analysis of data from AWR, WPRs, and AMSs enabled detailed tracking of the storm’s evolution, providing deeper insights into the interplay between moisture transport and dynamic lifting. The AWR’s unique ability to capture divergence and vorticity fields at different altitudes revealed low-level convergence coupled with high-level divergence and cyclonic rotation, sustaining convective updrafts. This study underscores the value of high-resolution AWR data in capturing short-lived, intense precipitation processes, thereby enhancing our understanding of wind field structures and storm development. These findings highlight the comprehensive application of AWR data and the potential of this new high-spatiotemporal-resolution radar for investigating the mechanisms of short-lived severe convective processes.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2870hailstorm precipitationnovel X-band AWR datamultisource observational datadivergencevertical vorticity component |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoqiong Zhen Hongbin Chen Hongrong Shi Xuehua Fan Haojun Chen Jie Fu Wanyi Wei Shuqing Ma Ling Yang Jianxin He A Case Study of a Hailstorm in the Shanghai Region: Leveraging Multisource Observational Data and a Novel Single-Polarization X-Band Array Weather Radar Sensors hailstorm precipitation novel X-band AWR data multisource observational data divergence vertical vorticity component |
| title | A Case Study of a Hailstorm in the Shanghai Region: Leveraging Multisource Observational Data and a Novel Single-Polarization X-Band Array Weather Radar |
| title_full | A Case Study of a Hailstorm in the Shanghai Region: Leveraging Multisource Observational Data and a Novel Single-Polarization X-Band Array Weather Radar |
| title_fullStr | A Case Study of a Hailstorm in the Shanghai Region: Leveraging Multisource Observational Data and a Novel Single-Polarization X-Band Array Weather Radar |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Case Study of a Hailstorm in the Shanghai Region: Leveraging Multisource Observational Data and a Novel Single-Polarization X-Band Array Weather Radar |
| title_short | A Case Study of a Hailstorm in the Shanghai Region: Leveraging Multisource Observational Data and a Novel Single-Polarization X-Band Array Weather Radar |
| title_sort | case study of a hailstorm in the shanghai region leveraging multisource observational data and a novel single polarization x band array weather radar |
| topic | hailstorm precipitation novel X-band AWR data multisource observational data divergence vertical vorticity component |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2870 |
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