Protective efficacy of inactivated FHV-1 vaccine in cats following challenge with the Chinese field strains
Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) is a leading cause of feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR), which mainly presents upper respiratory tract symptoms. Vaccination is the most effective strategy for controlling FHV-1. Prior to the initiation of this study, China does not have domestically produced commercial...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1571409/full |
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| author | Yujie Jiang Zhiying Lai Lingling Dai Yuan Deng Lintao Zhong Shoujun Li Gang Lu |
| author_facet | Yujie Jiang Zhiying Lai Lingling Dai Yuan Deng Lintao Zhong Shoujun Li Gang Lu |
| author_sort | Yujie Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) is a leading cause of feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR), which mainly presents upper respiratory tract symptoms. Vaccination is the most effective strategy for controlling FHV-1. Prior to the initiation of this study, China does not have domestically produced commercially available FHV-1 vaccines using field strain as antigenic component and most corresponding imported vaccines contained feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia (FVRCP) antigens. However, the protective efficacy of these vaccines against the prevalent FHV-1 strains in China remains unclear. In the present study, a total of 12 cats were randomly divided into 3 groups, which were vaccinated with FHV-1 field vaccine (Group 1 [an inactivated vaccine developed by ourselves using the Chinese field strain FHV-1 2020GD02]) and FVRCP vaccine (Group 2) and PBS (Group 3) as control, respectively. These animals received two vaccinations with a 21-day interval and were challenged with 2020GD02 at 21 days after the second vaccination. Clinical signs, serological responses, viral shedding, and histopathological changes were used to estimate protective efficacy of the two vaccines. Compared to Group 2, animals in Group 1 produced higher level FHV-1 antibody titers during immune processes. After challenge, Group 3 developed typical FVR. In contrast, animals in both Groups 1 and 2 showed significantly fewer clinical signs, viral shedding, and pathological changes, but could not provide complete protection. Our results provided a reference for further FHV-1 vaccines development in China. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7e932bd51c684fcabe2a8a5e7325fcc9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-7e932bd51c684fcabe2a8a5e7325fcc92025-08-20T02:18:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-04-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15714091571409Protective efficacy of inactivated FHV-1 vaccine in cats following challenge with the Chinese field strainsYujie JiangZhiying LaiLingling DaiYuan DengLintao ZhongShoujun LiGang LuFeline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) is a leading cause of feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR), which mainly presents upper respiratory tract symptoms. Vaccination is the most effective strategy for controlling FHV-1. Prior to the initiation of this study, China does not have domestically produced commercially available FHV-1 vaccines using field strain as antigenic component and most corresponding imported vaccines contained feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia (FVRCP) antigens. However, the protective efficacy of these vaccines against the prevalent FHV-1 strains in China remains unclear. In the present study, a total of 12 cats were randomly divided into 3 groups, which were vaccinated with FHV-1 field vaccine (Group 1 [an inactivated vaccine developed by ourselves using the Chinese field strain FHV-1 2020GD02]) and FVRCP vaccine (Group 2) and PBS (Group 3) as control, respectively. These animals received two vaccinations with a 21-day interval and were challenged with 2020GD02 at 21 days after the second vaccination. Clinical signs, serological responses, viral shedding, and histopathological changes were used to estimate protective efficacy of the two vaccines. Compared to Group 2, animals in Group 1 produced higher level FHV-1 antibody titers during immune processes. After challenge, Group 3 developed typical FVR. In contrast, animals in both Groups 1 and 2 showed significantly fewer clinical signs, viral shedding, and pathological changes, but could not provide complete protection. Our results provided a reference for further FHV-1 vaccines development in China.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1571409/fullfeline herpesvirus type 1vaccineimmunogenicityinfectious diseasefeline viral rhinotracheitis |
| spellingShingle | Yujie Jiang Zhiying Lai Lingling Dai Yuan Deng Lintao Zhong Shoujun Li Gang Lu Protective efficacy of inactivated FHV-1 vaccine in cats following challenge with the Chinese field strains Frontiers in Veterinary Science feline herpesvirus type 1 vaccine immunogenicity infectious disease feline viral rhinotracheitis |
| title | Protective efficacy of inactivated FHV-1 vaccine in cats following challenge with the Chinese field strains |
| title_full | Protective efficacy of inactivated FHV-1 vaccine in cats following challenge with the Chinese field strains |
| title_fullStr | Protective efficacy of inactivated FHV-1 vaccine in cats following challenge with the Chinese field strains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective efficacy of inactivated FHV-1 vaccine in cats following challenge with the Chinese field strains |
| title_short | Protective efficacy of inactivated FHV-1 vaccine in cats following challenge with the Chinese field strains |
| title_sort | protective efficacy of inactivated fhv 1 vaccine in cats following challenge with the chinese field strains |
| topic | feline herpesvirus type 1 vaccine immunogenicity infectious disease feline viral rhinotracheitis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1571409/full |
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