Optimizing PHEV Routing with Hybrid Mode and Partial Charging via Labeling-Based Methods
This study investigates a variant of the shortest path problem (SPP) tailored for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), incorporating two practical features: hybrid energy mode switching and partial charging. A novel modeling framework is proposed that enables PHEVs to dynamically switch between...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Mathematics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2092 |
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| author | Zhenhua Chen Qiong Chen Yiying Chao Cheng Xue |
| author_facet | Zhenhua Chen Qiong Chen Yiying Chao Cheng Xue |
| author_sort | Zhenhua Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates a variant of the shortest path problem (SPP) tailored for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), incorporating two practical features: hybrid energy mode switching and partial charging. A novel modeling framework is proposed that enables PHEVs to dynamically switch between electricity and fuel along each edge and to recharge partially at charging stations. Unlike most prior studies that rely on more complex modeling approaches, this paper introduces a compact mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that remains directly solvable using commercial solvers such as Gurobi. To address large-scale networks, a customized labeling algorithm is developed for an efficient solution. Numerical results on benchmark networks show that the hybrid mode and partial charging can reduce total cost by up to 29.76% and significantly affect route choices. The proposed algorithm demonstrates strong scalability, solving instances with up to 33,000 nodes while maintaining near-optimal performance, with less than 5% deviation in smaller cases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7e86fc3ad6ae40cf95537b1451eb7b86 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj-art-7e86fc3ad6ae40cf95537b1451eb7b862025-08-20T02:35:44ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-06-011313209210.3390/math13132092Optimizing PHEV Routing with Hybrid Mode and Partial Charging via Labeling-Based MethodsZhenhua Chen0Qiong Chen1Yiying Chao2Cheng Xue3College of Transport & Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaNavigation College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaZhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaZhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaThis study investigates a variant of the shortest path problem (SPP) tailored for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), incorporating two practical features: hybrid energy mode switching and partial charging. A novel modeling framework is proposed that enables PHEVs to dynamically switch between electricity and fuel along each edge and to recharge partially at charging stations. Unlike most prior studies that rely on more complex modeling approaches, this paper introduces a compact mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that remains directly solvable using commercial solvers such as Gurobi. To address large-scale networks, a customized labeling algorithm is developed for an efficient solution. Numerical results on benchmark networks show that the hybrid mode and partial charging can reduce total cost by up to 29.76% and significantly affect route choices. The proposed algorithm demonstrates strong scalability, solving instances with up to 33,000 nodes while maintaining near-optimal performance, with less than 5% deviation in smaller cases.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2092PHEVsshortest path problempartial charginghybrid energy modeMILPlabeling algorithm |
| spellingShingle | Zhenhua Chen Qiong Chen Yiying Chao Cheng Xue Optimizing PHEV Routing with Hybrid Mode and Partial Charging via Labeling-Based Methods Mathematics PHEVs shortest path problem partial charging hybrid energy mode MILP labeling algorithm |
| title | Optimizing PHEV Routing with Hybrid Mode and Partial Charging via Labeling-Based Methods |
| title_full | Optimizing PHEV Routing with Hybrid Mode and Partial Charging via Labeling-Based Methods |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing PHEV Routing with Hybrid Mode and Partial Charging via Labeling-Based Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing PHEV Routing with Hybrid Mode and Partial Charging via Labeling-Based Methods |
| title_short | Optimizing PHEV Routing with Hybrid Mode and Partial Charging via Labeling-Based Methods |
| title_sort | optimizing phev routing with hybrid mode and partial charging via labeling based methods |
| topic | PHEVs shortest path problem partial charging hybrid energy mode MILP labeling algorithm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2092 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhenhuachen optimizingphevroutingwithhybridmodeandpartialchargingvialabelingbasedmethods AT qiongchen optimizingphevroutingwithhybridmodeandpartialchargingvialabelingbasedmethods AT yiyingchao optimizingphevroutingwithhybridmodeandpartialchargingvialabelingbasedmethods AT chengxue optimizingphevroutingwithhybridmodeandpartialchargingvialabelingbasedmethods |