Smoking is a significant contributor to intraoperative blood loss in metastatic spinal tumor surgery: a propensity score analysis

Abstract Background Metastatic spinal tumors pose a significant challenge regarding intraoperative blood loss. Identifying risk factors for intraoperative blood loss is crucial for appropriate surgical planning and early intervention. However, current studies have not comprehensively evaluated risk...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xuedong Shi, Yunpeng Cui, Bailin Wang, Yuanxing Pan, Bing Wang, Yong Qin, Mingxing Lei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Cancer
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-13321-3
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849734787523149824
author Xuedong Shi
Yunpeng Cui
Bailin Wang
Yuanxing Pan
Bing Wang
Yong Qin
Mingxing Lei
author_facet Xuedong Shi
Yunpeng Cui
Bailin Wang
Yuanxing Pan
Bing Wang
Yong Qin
Mingxing Lei
author_sort Xuedong Shi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Metastatic spinal tumors pose a significant challenge regarding intraoperative blood loss. Identifying risk factors for intraoperative blood loss is crucial for appropriate surgical planning and early intervention. However, current studies have not comprehensively evaluated risk factors for predicting intraoperative blood loss. This study aims to determine whether smoking significantly contributes to intraoperative blood loss among metastatic spinal tumors and to investigate other potential risk factors. Methods This study analyzed 252 patients with metastatic spinal disease who underwent posterior decompressive surgery, and the primary outcome measured was intraoperative blood loss, with massive intraoperative blood loss defined as exceeding 2500 mL. Propensity score matching analysis was employed to analyze the influence of smoking on intraoperative blood loss. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed based on smoking status before and after propensity score analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to analyze the relationship between smoking and intraoperative blood loss. To assess the predictive value of smoking status for intraoperative massive blood loss, we conducted an analysis using the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC), and the corresponding Area Under the Curve (AUC) values were subsequently calculated. Results Before conducting the propensity score analysis, the study found that smoking patients had a significantly higher volume of intraoperative blood loss (1938.30 mL vs. 1722.32 mL, P = 0.014) and a greater incidence of massive intraoperative blood loss (36.4% vs. 20.1%, P = 0.008) compared to non-smokers. After adjusting for propensity scores, the results showed that smokers still had a higher volume of intraoperative blood loss (1938.30 mL vs. 1703.41 mL, P = 0.019) and a higher proportion of massive intraoperative blood loss (39.7% vs. 14.9%, P = 0.002) than non-smokers. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that smoking status was significantly associated with intraoperative blood loss before (Estimate = 1.410, P = 0.001) and after (Estimate = 1.443, P = 0.010) propensity score matching analysis. Additionally, the logistic regression demonstrated that smokers were 2.268 times (95% CI: 1.272–4.044) more likely to experience intraoperative massive blood loss compared to nonsmokers before propensity score analysis (P = 0.005). After propensity score analysis, the fold increase in risk further rose to 3.764 (95% CI: 1.643–8.621), indicating an even stronger association between smoking and intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.002). Furthermore, the AUC value increased from 0.596 (95% CI: 0.527–0.666) for smoking status before propensity score matching analysis to 0.660 (95% CI: 0.567–0.753) after propensity score matching analysis. Conclusions Smoking is a significant risk factor for increased intraoperative blood loss and should be taken into consideration when planning surgical interventions for patients with metastatic spinal tumors.
format Article
id doaj-art-7e841e3919ef467fadd1d8a2c5efcb5d
institution DOAJ
issn 1471-2407
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Cancer
spelling doaj-art-7e841e3919ef467fadd1d8a2c5efcb5d2025-08-20T03:07:41ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072025-04-0125111510.1186/s12885-024-13321-3Smoking is a significant contributor to intraoperative blood loss in metastatic spinal tumor surgery: a propensity score analysisXuedong Shi0Yunpeng Cui1Bailin Wang2Yuanxing Pan3Bing Wang4Yong Qin5Mingxing Lei6Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of thoracic surgery, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Joint and Sports Medicine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Chinese PLA General HospitalAbstract Background Metastatic spinal tumors pose a significant challenge regarding intraoperative blood loss. Identifying risk factors for intraoperative blood loss is crucial for appropriate surgical planning and early intervention. However, current studies have not comprehensively evaluated risk factors for predicting intraoperative blood loss. This study aims to determine whether smoking significantly contributes to intraoperative blood loss among metastatic spinal tumors and to investigate other potential risk factors. Methods This study analyzed 252 patients with metastatic spinal disease who underwent posterior decompressive surgery, and the primary outcome measured was intraoperative blood loss, with massive intraoperative blood loss defined as exceeding 2500 mL. Propensity score matching analysis was employed to analyze the influence of smoking on intraoperative blood loss. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed based on smoking status before and after propensity score analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to analyze the relationship between smoking and intraoperative blood loss. To assess the predictive value of smoking status for intraoperative massive blood loss, we conducted an analysis using the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC), and the corresponding Area Under the Curve (AUC) values were subsequently calculated. Results Before conducting the propensity score analysis, the study found that smoking patients had a significantly higher volume of intraoperative blood loss (1938.30 mL vs. 1722.32 mL, P = 0.014) and a greater incidence of massive intraoperative blood loss (36.4% vs. 20.1%, P = 0.008) compared to non-smokers. After adjusting for propensity scores, the results showed that smokers still had a higher volume of intraoperative blood loss (1938.30 mL vs. 1703.41 mL, P = 0.019) and a higher proportion of massive intraoperative blood loss (39.7% vs. 14.9%, P = 0.002) than non-smokers. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that smoking status was significantly associated with intraoperative blood loss before (Estimate = 1.410, P = 0.001) and after (Estimate = 1.443, P = 0.010) propensity score matching analysis. Additionally, the logistic regression demonstrated that smokers were 2.268 times (95% CI: 1.272–4.044) more likely to experience intraoperative massive blood loss compared to nonsmokers before propensity score analysis (P = 0.005). After propensity score analysis, the fold increase in risk further rose to 3.764 (95% CI: 1.643–8.621), indicating an even stronger association between smoking and intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.002). Furthermore, the AUC value increased from 0.596 (95% CI: 0.527–0.666) for smoking status before propensity score matching analysis to 0.660 (95% CI: 0.567–0.753) after propensity score matching analysis. Conclusions Smoking is a significant risk factor for increased intraoperative blood loss and should be taken into consideration when planning surgical interventions for patients with metastatic spinal tumors.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-13321-3SmokingIntraoperative blood lossMetastatic spinal tumorsPropensity score matching analysisRisk factors
spellingShingle Xuedong Shi
Yunpeng Cui
Bailin Wang
Yuanxing Pan
Bing Wang
Yong Qin
Mingxing Lei
Smoking is a significant contributor to intraoperative blood loss in metastatic spinal tumor surgery: a propensity score analysis
BMC Cancer
Smoking
Intraoperative blood loss
Metastatic spinal tumors
Propensity score matching analysis
Risk factors
title Smoking is a significant contributor to intraoperative blood loss in metastatic spinal tumor surgery: a propensity score analysis
title_full Smoking is a significant contributor to intraoperative blood loss in metastatic spinal tumor surgery: a propensity score analysis
title_fullStr Smoking is a significant contributor to intraoperative blood loss in metastatic spinal tumor surgery: a propensity score analysis
title_full_unstemmed Smoking is a significant contributor to intraoperative blood loss in metastatic spinal tumor surgery: a propensity score analysis
title_short Smoking is a significant contributor to intraoperative blood loss in metastatic spinal tumor surgery: a propensity score analysis
title_sort smoking is a significant contributor to intraoperative blood loss in metastatic spinal tumor surgery a propensity score analysis
topic Smoking
Intraoperative blood loss
Metastatic spinal tumors
Propensity score matching analysis
Risk factors
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-13321-3
work_keys_str_mv AT xuedongshi smokingisasignificantcontributortointraoperativebloodlossinmetastaticspinaltumorsurgeryapropensityscoreanalysis
AT yunpengcui smokingisasignificantcontributortointraoperativebloodlossinmetastaticspinaltumorsurgeryapropensityscoreanalysis
AT bailinwang smokingisasignificantcontributortointraoperativebloodlossinmetastaticspinaltumorsurgeryapropensityscoreanalysis
AT yuanxingpan smokingisasignificantcontributortointraoperativebloodlossinmetastaticspinaltumorsurgeryapropensityscoreanalysis
AT bingwang smokingisasignificantcontributortointraoperativebloodlossinmetastaticspinaltumorsurgeryapropensityscoreanalysis
AT yongqin smokingisasignificantcontributortointraoperativebloodlossinmetastaticspinaltumorsurgeryapropensityscoreanalysis
AT mingxinglei smokingisasignificantcontributortointraoperativebloodlossinmetastaticspinaltumorsurgeryapropensityscoreanalysis