Parallel multi‐rate simulation scheme for modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current with accurate simulation of high‐frequency characteristics and field programmable gate array‐based implementation
Abstract The real‐time simulation of the modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current (MMC‐HVDC) transmission system has become a popular research topic. However, in order to meet the real‐time performance, the real‐time simulation technology will cause additional simulation errors...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-02-01
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| Series: | High Voltage |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.12418 |
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| _version_ | 1850027504764452864 |
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| author | Chongru Liu Yanqi Hou Haoyun Dong Yipeng Lv Xinyan Wang Chenbo Su |
| author_facet | Chongru Liu Yanqi Hou Haoyun Dong Yipeng Lv Xinyan Wang Chenbo Su |
| author_sort | Chongru Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The real‐time simulation of the modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current (MMC‐HVDC) transmission system has become a popular research topic. However, in order to meet the real‐time performance, the real‐time simulation technology will cause additional simulation errors for MMC‐HVDC, especially on its frequency characteristics. Therefore, a parallel multi‐rate simulation scheme for MMC‐HVDC is developed in this work to ensure accurate simulation of high‐frequency characteristics. Firstly, a non‐error method based on converter transformer decoupling is proposed to decouple the converter and alternating current system; direct current transmission line decoupling and arm decoupling methods are used to achieve decoupling among and within converters. A multi‐rate data synchronous mechanism is established by considering the differences among high‐frequency characteristics caused by delayed data interaction. Secondly, the computing architectures of the primary system solver and modular multilevel converter controller are designed based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The real‐time simulation platform for a four‐terminal true bipolar MMC‐HVDC is constructed based on the FPGA array. Thirdly, the factors in multi‐rate simulation affecting the simulation accuracy of high‐frequency characteristics are analysed. The simulator is shown to be accurate in steady and dynamic states. The authors also verify its applicability for further research on high‐frequency resonance based on control experiments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7e8015e7250a428ebfe4d93cbe6f02ad |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2397-7264 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | High Voltage |
| spelling | doaj-art-7e8015e7250a428ebfe4d93cbe6f02ad2025-08-20T03:00:09ZengWileyHigh Voltage2397-72642025-02-01101173110.1049/hve2.12418Parallel multi‐rate simulation scheme for modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current with accurate simulation of high‐frequency characteristics and field programmable gate array‐based implementationChongru Liu0Yanqi Hou1Haoyun Dong2Yipeng Lv3Xinyan Wang4Chenbo Su5State Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing ChinaState Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing ChinaState Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing ChinaState Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing ChinaState Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing ChinaState Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing ChinaAbstract The real‐time simulation of the modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current (MMC‐HVDC) transmission system has become a popular research topic. However, in order to meet the real‐time performance, the real‐time simulation technology will cause additional simulation errors for MMC‐HVDC, especially on its frequency characteristics. Therefore, a parallel multi‐rate simulation scheme for MMC‐HVDC is developed in this work to ensure accurate simulation of high‐frequency characteristics. Firstly, a non‐error method based on converter transformer decoupling is proposed to decouple the converter and alternating current system; direct current transmission line decoupling and arm decoupling methods are used to achieve decoupling among and within converters. A multi‐rate data synchronous mechanism is established by considering the differences among high‐frequency characteristics caused by delayed data interaction. Secondly, the computing architectures of the primary system solver and modular multilevel converter controller are designed based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The real‐time simulation platform for a four‐terminal true bipolar MMC‐HVDC is constructed based on the FPGA array. Thirdly, the factors in multi‐rate simulation affecting the simulation accuracy of high‐frequency characteristics are analysed. The simulator is shown to be accurate in steady and dynamic states. The authors also verify its applicability for further research on high‐frequency resonance based on control experiments.https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.12418 |
| spellingShingle | Chongru Liu Yanqi Hou Haoyun Dong Yipeng Lv Xinyan Wang Chenbo Su Parallel multi‐rate simulation scheme for modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current with accurate simulation of high‐frequency characteristics and field programmable gate array‐based implementation High Voltage |
| title | Parallel multi‐rate simulation scheme for modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current with accurate simulation of high‐frequency characteristics and field programmable gate array‐based implementation |
| title_full | Parallel multi‐rate simulation scheme for modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current with accurate simulation of high‐frequency characteristics and field programmable gate array‐based implementation |
| title_fullStr | Parallel multi‐rate simulation scheme for modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current with accurate simulation of high‐frequency characteristics and field programmable gate array‐based implementation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parallel multi‐rate simulation scheme for modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current with accurate simulation of high‐frequency characteristics and field programmable gate array‐based implementation |
| title_short | Parallel multi‐rate simulation scheme for modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current with accurate simulation of high‐frequency characteristics and field programmable gate array‐based implementation |
| title_sort | parallel multi rate simulation scheme for modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current with accurate simulation of high frequency characteristics and field programmable gate array based implementation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.12418 |
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