Stepwise targeting hyaluronic acid-based polymeric prodrug for acute kidney injury and prevents its progression to chronic kidney disease

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function, often due to ischemia-reperfusion or nephrotoxic drugs. A key factor in AKI development is mitochondrial dysfunction, which disrupts energy and oxygen supply, increases ROS generation, and triggers inflammation. Addre...

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Main Authors: Li-Bin Zhou, Xuan-Ze Peng, Hui-Min Long, Jing-Bo Hu, Jian-Ting Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Materials Today Bio
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259000642500777X
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author Li-Bin Zhou
Xuan-Ze Peng
Hui-Min Long
Jing-Bo Hu
Jian-Ting Xu
author_facet Li-Bin Zhou
Xuan-Ze Peng
Hui-Min Long
Jing-Bo Hu
Jian-Ting Xu
author_sort Li-Bin Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function, often due to ischemia-reperfusion or nephrotoxic drugs. A key factor in AKI development is mitochondrial dysfunction, which disrupts energy and oxygen supply, increases ROS generation, and triggers inflammation. Addressing AKI through mitochondrial targeting remains challenging. Melatonin (MLT), a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, shows promise in AKI treatment. To enhance site-specific antioxidative efficacy, triphenylphosphonium-hyaluronic acid (TPP-HA), targeting CD44 receptors and mitochondria, was synthesized and linked to MLT via a cleavable linker, creating TPP-HA-TK-MLT (THTM). THTM improved MLT targeting in renal tubular epithelial cells through CD44 receptors and enhanced mitochondrial distribution via TPP. This effectively suppressed mitochondrial ROS under pathological conditions, ameliorated mitochondrial permeability and swelling, and increased resistance to stimuli such as ischemia-reperfusion injury or nephrotoxic drugs, reducing cell apoptosis. Moreover, THTM significantly reduced the progression of folic acid-induced kidney injury to chronic kidney disease, demonstrating its potential to lower the risk of chronic kidney disease.
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spelling doaj-art-7e71a782b03b4b47b9703d69febfe0222025-08-22T04:57:19ZengElsevierMaterials Today Bio2590-00642025-10-013410220710.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102207Stepwise targeting hyaluronic acid-based polymeric prodrug for acute kidney injury and prevents its progression to chronic kidney diseaseLi-Bin Zhou0Xuan-Ze Peng1Hui-Min Long2Jing-Bo Hu3Jian-Ting Xu4Department of Urology, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China; Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, ChinaFaculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Corresponding author.Department of Urology, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China; Corresponding author.Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function, often due to ischemia-reperfusion or nephrotoxic drugs. A key factor in AKI development is mitochondrial dysfunction, which disrupts energy and oxygen supply, increases ROS generation, and triggers inflammation. Addressing AKI through mitochondrial targeting remains challenging. Melatonin (MLT), a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, shows promise in AKI treatment. To enhance site-specific antioxidative efficacy, triphenylphosphonium-hyaluronic acid (TPP-HA), targeting CD44 receptors and mitochondria, was synthesized and linked to MLT via a cleavable linker, creating TPP-HA-TK-MLT (THTM). THTM improved MLT targeting in renal tubular epithelial cells through CD44 receptors and enhanced mitochondrial distribution via TPP. This effectively suppressed mitochondrial ROS under pathological conditions, ameliorated mitochondrial permeability and swelling, and increased resistance to stimuli such as ischemia-reperfusion injury or nephrotoxic drugs, reducing cell apoptosis. Moreover, THTM significantly reduced the progression of folic acid-induced kidney injury to chronic kidney disease, demonstrating its potential to lower the risk of chronic kidney disease.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259000642500777XAcute kidney injuryRenal tubular epithelial cellsMitochondriaMelatoninIschemia-reperfusionCisplatin
spellingShingle Li-Bin Zhou
Xuan-Ze Peng
Hui-Min Long
Jing-Bo Hu
Jian-Ting Xu
Stepwise targeting hyaluronic acid-based polymeric prodrug for acute kidney injury and prevents its progression to chronic kidney disease
Materials Today Bio
Acute kidney injury
Renal tubular epithelial cells
Mitochondria
Melatonin
Ischemia-reperfusion
Cisplatin
title Stepwise targeting hyaluronic acid-based polymeric prodrug for acute kidney injury and prevents its progression to chronic kidney disease
title_full Stepwise targeting hyaluronic acid-based polymeric prodrug for acute kidney injury and prevents its progression to chronic kidney disease
title_fullStr Stepwise targeting hyaluronic acid-based polymeric prodrug for acute kidney injury and prevents its progression to chronic kidney disease
title_full_unstemmed Stepwise targeting hyaluronic acid-based polymeric prodrug for acute kidney injury and prevents its progression to chronic kidney disease
title_short Stepwise targeting hyaluronic acid-based polymeric prodrug for acute kidney injury and prevents its progression to chronic kidney disease
title_sort stepwise targeting hyaluronic acid based polymeric prodrug for acute kidney injury and prevents its progression to chronic kidney disease
topic Acute kidney injury
Renal tubular epithelial cells
Mitochondria
Melatonin
Ischemia-reperfusion
Cisplatin
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259000642500777X
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