Global Heatwaves Dynamics Under Climate Change Scenarios: Multidimensional Drivers and Cascading Impacts

Abstract Heatwaves are intensifying globally due to climate change. However, the contributions of large‐scale atmospheric processes and land‐atmosphere interactions to heatwave dynamics and their cascading impacts on water resources and human exposure are not fully understood. This study investigate...

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Main Authors: Oluwafemi E. Adeyeri, Wen Zhou, Christopher E. Ndehedehe, Kazeem A. Ishola, Patrick Laux, Akintomide A. Akinsanola, Mame D. B. Dieng, Xuan Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Earth's Future
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EF006486
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author Oluwafemi E. Adeyeri
Wen Zhou
Christopher E. Ndehedehe
Kazeem A. Ishola
Patrick Laux
Akintomide A. Akinsanola
Mame D. B. Dieng
Xuan Wang
author_facet Oluwafemi E. Adeyeri
Wen Zhou
Christopher E. Ndehedehe
Kazeem A. Ishola
Patrick Laux
Akintomide A. Akinsanola
Mame D. B. Dieng
Xuan Wang
author_sort Oluwafemi E. Adeyeri
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Heatwaves are intensifying globally due to climate change. However, the contributions of large‐scale atmospheric processes and land‐atmosphere interactions to heatwave dynamics and their cascading impacts on water resources and human exposure are not fully understood. This study investigates heatwave frequency (HWF) across 50 global regions, spanning historical (1979–2014) and future periods (2025–2060 and 2065–2100) under SSP 370 (regional rivalry) and SSP 585 (fossil‐fuel development) scenarios. Using bias‐corrected general circulation model simulations and reconstructed terrestrial water storage (TWS) data, we quantify the contributions of atmospheric processes to HWF modulation and assess the impacts of HWF and temperature changes on water storage deficits using TWS drought severity index (TWS‐DSI) and standardized temperature index (STI). We show that Western Central Asia exhibits moisture divergence driven by significant positive thermodynamic effects, which correlates with increased HWF. In West Africa, moisture flux divergence at 1,000 hPa accounts for 45% of HWF variability, while relative humidity at 300 hPa explains 58% of HWF changes in East Asia. HWF and STI strongly influence TWS‐DSI, with high STI intensifying TWS deficits. Concurrent high HWF and wet conditions in Western North America are linked to atmospheric blocking and hydrological persistence, highlighting complex illative mechanisms. We project population exposure to HWF to rise tenfold globally by 2100, with regions such as South Asia experiencing over 100% increases due to combined climate and population effects. These findings emphasize the need for tailored adaptation strategies to mitigate heatwave impacts and ensure resilience in a warming world.
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spelling doaj-art-7e69470571b54b70854fc9c8d35bc94f2025-08-20T03:30:04ZengWileyEarth's Future2328-42772025-06-01136n/an/a10.1029/2025EF006486Global Heatwaves Dynamics Under Climate Change Scenarios: Multidimensional Drivers and Cascading ImpactsOluwafemi E. Adeyeri0Wen Zhou1Christopher E. Ndehedehe2Kazeem A. Ishola3Patrick Laux4Akintomide A. Akinsanola5Mame D. B. Dieng6Xuan Wang7ARC Centre of Excellence for the Weather of the 21st Century Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra ACT AustraliaKey Laboratory of Polar Atmosphere‐Ocean‐Ice System for Weather and Climate Ministry of Education and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan University Shanghai ChinaSchool of Environment and Science Griffth University Nathan QLD AustraliaDepartment of Geography Irish Climate Analysis and Research UnitS (ICARUS) Maynooth University Maynooth IrelandInstitute for Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Environmental Research Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe GermanyDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Chicago IL USAInstitute for Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Environmental Research Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe GermanyLow‐Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong KongAbstract Heatwaves are intensifying globally due to climate change. However, the contributions of large‐scale atmospheric processes and land‐atmosphere interactions to heatwave dynamics and their cascading impacts on water resources and human exposure are not fully understood. This study investigates heatwave frequency (HWF) across 50 global regions, spanning historical (1979–2014) and future periods (2025–2060 and 2065–2100) under SSP 370 (regional rivalry) and SSP 585 (fossil‐fuel development) scenarios. Using bias‐corrected general circulation model simulations and reconstructed terrestrial water storage (TWS) data, we quantify the contributions of atmospheric processes to HWF modulation and assess the impacts of HWF and temperature changes on water storage deficits using TWS drought severity index (TWS‐DSI) and standardized temperature index (STI). We show that Western Central Asia exhibits moisture divergence driven by significant positive thermodynamic effects, which correlates with increased HWF. In West Africa, moisture flux divergence at 1,000 hPa accounts for 45% of HWF variability, while relative humidity at 300 hPa explains 58% of HWF changes in East Asia. HWF and STI strongly influence TWS‐DSI, with high STI intensifying TWS deficits. Concurrent high HWF and wet conditions in Western North America are linked to atmospheric blocking and hydrological persistence, highlighting complex illative mechanisms. We project population exposure to HWF to rise tenfold globally by 2100, with regions such as South Asia experiencing over 100% increases due to combined climate and population effects. These findings emphasize the need for tailored adaptation strategies to mitigate heatwave impacts and ensure resilience in a warming world.https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EF006486heatwave projectionsland‐atmosphere interactionsclimate changetotal human population exposurebias‐corrected climate models
spellingShingle Oluwafemi E. Adeyeri
Wen Zhou
Christopher E. Ndehedehe
Kazeem A. Ishola
Patrick Laux
Akintomide A. Akinsanola
Mame D. B. Dieng
Xuan Wang
Global Heatwaves Dynamics Under Climate Change Scenarios: Multidimensional Drivers and Cascading Impacts
Earth's Future
heatwave projections
land‐atmosphere interactions
climate change
total human population exposure
bias‐corrected climate models
title Global Heatwaves Dynamics Under Climate Change Scenarios: Multidimensional Drivers and Cascading Impacts
title_full Global Heatwaves Dynamics Under Climate Change Scenarios: Multidimensional Drivers and Cascading Impacts
title_fullStr Global Heatwaves Dynamics Under Climate Change Scenarios: Multidimensional Drivers and Cascading Impacts
title_full_unstemmed Global Heatwaves Dynamics Under Climate Change Scenarios: Multidimensional Drivers and Cascading Impacts
title_short Global Heatwaves Dynamics Under Climate Change Scenarios: Multidimensional Drivers and Cascading Impacts
title_sort global heatwaves dynamics under climate change scenarios multidimensional drivers and cascading impacts
topic heatwave projections
land‐atmosphere interactions
climate change
total human population exposure
bias‐corrected climate models
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EF006486
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