Investigation of bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of a hydroxyapatite-enhanced nanocomposite for dental applications
Abstract The prolonged setting duration of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) constitutes one of its principal limitations. In contrast, Nano Fast Cement (NFC) emerges as an innovative nanocomposite characterized by a rapid setting time. To develop an outstanding dental filler, hydroxyapatite nanopart...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12577-4 |
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| author | Xin Yan Ali ebrahimi Reza Mohammadi Mona Mohajeri Tehrani Pardis Chaboki Mohammed Mustafa Almustafa Alhumadi I. B. Sapaev Ahmed Hjazi Khadije Yousefi Mojdeh Yousefi |
| author_facet | Xin Yan Ali ebrahimi Reza Mohammadi Mona Mohajeri Tehrani Pardis Chaboki Mohammed Mustafa Almustafa Alhumadi I. B. Sapaev Ahmed Hjazi Khadije Yousefi Mojdeh Yousefi |
| author_sort | Xin Yan |
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| description | Abstract The prolonged setting duration of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) constitutes one of its principal limitations. In contrast, Nano Fast Cement (NFC) emerges as an innovative nanocomposite characterized by a rapid setting time. To develop an outstanding dental filler, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NHA) were incorporated into NFC to evaluate their effects on setting time, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and antibacterial properties. Specimens containing 0, 10, and 20 weight% (W%) hydroxyapatite were subjected to assessment utilizing the MTT assay for cytotoxicity, the Gilmore needle for measuring setting time, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for microstructural and phase analyses, as well as antibacterial evaluations against Enterococcus faecalis (PTCC 1394). Phase and microstructural investigations confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite. The addition of 10 and 20 W% hydroxyapatite significantly improved the specimens’ bioactivity while reducing toxicity by 20%. An increase in hydroxyapatite content corresponded with a greater enhancement in bioactivity and a further reduction in toxicity. These findings indicate that the addition of NHA did not detrimentally affect the physical properties of NFC; rather, it augmented the filler’s bioactivity in vitro. Furthermore, the nanocomposite containing a higher concentration of NHA exhibited superior inhibition of E. faecalis compared to NFC in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) (p-value < 0.001). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7e5bffe376234cf8aa09549bf25d86d8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-7e5bffe376234cf8aa09549bf25d86d82025-08-20T03:43:02ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-12577-4Investigation of bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of a hydroxyapatite-enhanced nanocomposite for dental applicationsXin Yan0Ali ebrahimi1Reza Mohammadi2Mona Mohajeri Tehrani3Pardis Chaboki4Mohammed Mustafa5Almustafa Alhumadi6I. B. Sapaev7Ahmed Hjazi8Khadije Yousefi9Mojdeh Yousefi10The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineDDS, Medical University of SilesiaFaculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan UniversityDDS, Researcher at Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tehran university of medical sciencesSchool of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesCentre for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha UniversityDepartment of Pediatric, Orthodontics & Prevention Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of KufaDepartment of Physics and Chemistry, Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Yasouj UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAbstract The prolonged setting duration of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) constitutes one of its principal limitations. In contrast, Nano Fast Cement (NFC) emerges as an innovative nanocomposite characterized by a rapid setting time. To develop an outstanding dental filler, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NHA) were incorporated into NFC to evaluate their effects on setting time, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and antibacterial properties. Specimens containing 0, 10, and 20 weight% (W%) hydroxyapatite were subjected to assessment utilizing the MTT assay for cytotoxicity, the Gilmore needle for measuring setting time, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for microstructural and phase analyses, as well as antibacterial evaluations against Enterococcus faecalis (PTCC 1394). Phase and microstructural investigations confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite. The addition of 10 and 20 W% hydroxyapatite significantly improved the specimens’ bioactivity while reducing toxicity by 20%. An increase in hydroxyapatite content corresponded with a greater enhancement in bioactivity and a further reduction in toxicity. These findings indicate that the addition of NHA did not detrimentally affect the physical properties of NFC; rather, it augmented the filler’s bioactivity in vitro. Furthermore, the nanocomposite containing a higher concentration of NHA exhibited superior inhibition of E. faecalis compared to NFC in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) (p-value < 0.001).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12577-4NanocompositeNano fast cementDental fillerNano hydroxyapatiteBioactivityBiocompatibility |
| spellingShingle | Xin Yan Ali ebrahimi Reza Mohammadi Mona Mohajeri Tehrani Pardis Chaboki Mohammed Mustafa Almustafa Alhumadi I. B. Sapaev Ahmed Hjazi Khadije Yousefi Mojdeh Yousefi Investigation of bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of a hydroxyapatite-enhanced nanocomposite for dental applications Scientific Reports Nanocomposite Nano fast cement Dental filler Nano hydroxyapatite Bioactivity Biocompatibility |
| title | Investigation of bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of a hydroxyapatite-enhanced nanocomposite for dental applications |
| title_full | Investigation of bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of a hydroxyapatite-enhanced nanocomposite for dental applications |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of a hydroxyapatite-enhanced nanocomposite for dental applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of a hydroxyapatite-enhanced nanocomposite for dental applications |
| title_short | Investigation of bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of a hydroxyapatite-enhanced nanocomposite for dental applications |
| title_sort | investigation of bioactivity biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of a hydroxyapatite enhanced nanocomposite for dental applications |
| topic | Nanocomposite Nano fast cement Dental filler Nano hydroxyapatite Bioactivity Biocompatibility |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12577-4 |
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