3D-augmentation of 2D ultrasound for appendicitis diagnosis: A cross-sectional pilot study
Background: Two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) is first-line imaging for pediatric appendicitis but is often nondiagnostic. Computed tomography (CT) is expensive with ionizing radiation. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) can capture multiplanar images using volume acquisition without radiation expo...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | JEM Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773232025000136 |
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| author | Rebecca G. Theophanous Elias Jaffa Matthew R. Morgan Carl D. Herickhoff Erica Peethumnongsin Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci Joshua S. Broder |
| author_facet | Rebecca G. Theophanous Elias Jaffa Matthew R. Morgan Carl D. Herickhoff Erica Peethumnongsin Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci Joshua S. Broder |
| author_sort | Rebecca G. Theophanous |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) is first-line imaging for pediatric appendicitis but is often nondiagnostic. Computed tomography (CT) is expensive with ionizing radiation. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) can capture multiplanar images using volume acquisition without radiation exposure. Objective: We hypothesized that bedside-performed 3DUS would be feasible, with rapid image acquisition times, and good image quality comparable to 2DUS and CT. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional pilot study on emergency department patients being evaluated for appendicitis. An emergency physician captured 3DUS images using a Sonosite M-Turbo machine equipped with an inertial measurement unit and customized software. Our primary outcome was 3DUS acquisition times compared to 2DUS and CT. Secondary outcomes were 3DUS image quality, with visual demonstrations of appendicitis findings compared to clinical imaging. Results: 20 subjects underwent an experimental 3DUS between October 2015 and March 2017. Mean age was 11.6 years (4.6–30.4 years). Five patients (25 %) had clinical appendicitis (2 by 2DUS and 3 by CT). Mean 3DUS acquisition and reconstruction times were 10.3 and 14.5 s, compared to 2DUS (41 min) and CT (22 min). Mean 3DUS pixels were 320.5 PPI depth, 388 PPI width, mean total frame number 344, and field of view 78.8°. Finally, we demonstrated two appendicitis complications on 3DUS: abscess and a dilated noncompressible appendix with appendicoliths. Conclusion: Our study suggests 3DUS is fast with good image quality. We presented 3DUS images of acute appendicitis comparable to 2DUS and CT as visual demonstrations of feasibility. Future studies with larger cohorts are needed to assess diagnostic accuracy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7e557ec4ca5a4a10b0dc5194bdf05ea8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2773-2320 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JEM Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-7e557ec4ca5a4a10b0dc5194bdf05ea82025-02-07T04:48:36ZengElsevierJEM Reports2773-23202025-03-01411001493D-augmentation of 2D ultrasound for appendicitis diagnosis: A cross-sectional pilot studyRebecca G. Theophanous0Elias Jaffa1Matthew R. Morgan2Carl D. Herickhoff3Erica Peethumnongsin4Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci5Joshua S. Broder6Duke University Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Corresponding author. Duke University Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.Yale University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USALevels, New York, NY, Durham, NC, 27710, USAUniversity of Memphis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, 27710, USADuke University Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USADuke University Health System, Division of Translational Health Sciences, Durham, NC, 27710, USADuke University Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USABackground: Two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) is first-line imaging for pediatric appendicitis but is often nondiagnostic. Computed tomography (CT) is expensive with ionizing radiation. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) can capture multiplanar images using volume acquisition without radiation exposure. Objective: We hypothesized that bedside-performed 3DUS would be feasible, with rapid image acquisition times, and good image quality comparable to 2DUS and CT. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional pilot study on emergency department patients being evaluated for appendicitis. An emergency physician captured 3DUS images using a Sonosite M-Turbo machine equipped with an inertial measurement unit and customized software. Our primary outcome was 3DUS acquisition times compared to 2DUS and CT. Secondary outcomes were 3DUS image quality, with visual demonstrations of appendicitis findings compared to clinical imaging. Results: 20 subjects underwent an experimental 3DUS between October 2015 and March 2017. Mean age was 11.6 years (4.6–30.4 years). Five patients (25 %) had clinical appendicitis (2 by 2DUS and 3 by CT). Mean 3DUS acquisition and reconstruction times were 10.3 and 14.5 s, compared to 2DUS (41 min) and CT (22 min). Mean 3DUS pixels were 320.5 PPI depth, 388 PPI width, mean total frame number 344, and field of view 78.8°. Finally, we demonstrated two appendicitis complications on 3DUS: abscess and a dilated noncompressible appendix with appendicoliths. Conclusion: Our study suggests 3DUS is fast with good image quality. We presented 3DUS images of acute appendicitis comparable to 2DUS and CT as visual demonstrations of feasibility. Future studies with larger cohorts are needed to assess diagnostic accuracy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773232025000136Three-dimensional ultrasoundAppendicitisPoint-of-care ultrasoundPediatric |
| spellingShingle | Rebecca G. Theophanous Elias Jaffa Matthew R. Morgan Carl D. Herickhoff Erica Peethumnongsin Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci Joshua S. Broder 3D-augmentation of 2D ultrasound for appendicitis diagnosis: A cross-sectional pilot study JEM Reports Three-dimensional ultrasound Appendicitis Point-of-care ultrasound Pediatric |
| title | 3D-augmentation of 2D ultrasound for appendicitis diagnosis: A cross-sectional pilot study |
| title_full | 3D-augmentation of 2D ultrasound for appendicitis diagnosis: A cross-sectional pilot study |
| title_fullStr | 3D-augmentation of 2D ultrasound for appendicitis diagnosis: A cross-sectional pilot study |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D-augmentation of 2D ultrasound for appendicitis diagnosis: A cross-sectional pilot study |
| title_short | 3D-augmentation of 2D ultrasound for appendicitis diagnosis: A cross-sectional pilot study |
| title_sort | 3d augmentation of 2d ultrasound for appendicitis diagnosis a cross sectional pilot study |
| topic | Three-dimensional ultrasound Appendicitis Point-of-care ultrasound Pediatric |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773232025000136 |
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