The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome

This study involves 32 adults with upper cross syndrome (UCS). The experimental group was asked to perform scapular stabilization accompanied by breathing training (SBG). The comparison group was asked to perform scapular stabilization accompanied by thoracic exercises (STG). After four weeks of exe...

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Main Authors: Xin Yan, Tae-Ho Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6147
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author Xin Yan
Tae-Ho Kim
author_facet Xin Yan
Tae-Ho Kim
author_sort Xin Yan
collection DOAJ
description This study involves 32 adults with upper cross syndrome (UCS). The experimental group was asked to perform scapular stabilization accompanied by breathing training (SBG). The comparison group was asked to perform scapular stabilization accompanied by thoracic exercises (STG). After four weeks of exercise, changes in the pressure pain threshold (PPT), respiration function, and lower chest expansion (LCE) were measured again. <b>Methods</b>: A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to investigate the interaction between the measurement period and measurement group, as well as the intra-group effect throughout the measurement period. The statistical significance level was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. Bonferroni post hoc corrections were used to analyze the intra-group differences before and after the effect of the interventions (α = 0.025). <b>Results</b>: A significant difference in within-group effect validation was found when comparing the time of change between the two groups before and after the intervention. There was no significant difference in the interaction effect depending on the time and group (<i>p</i> > 0.025). <b>Conclusions</b>: Scapular stabilization combined with breathing training or thoracic exercises effectively reduces pain and improves respiratory function in upper cross syndrome.
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spelling doaj-art-7e4f6cb1da2646f78bc4223bf6f233722025-08-20T02:23:06ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511614710.3390/app15116147The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross SyndromeXin Yan0Tae-Ho Kim1Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Republic of KoreaThis study involves 32 adults with upper cross syndrome (UCS). The experimental group was asked to perform scapular stabilization accompanied by breathing training (SBG). The comparison group was asked to perform scapular stabilization accompanied by thoracic exercises (STG). After four weeks of exercise, changes in the pressure pain threshold (PPT), respiration function, and lower chest expansion (LCE) were measured again. <b>Methods</b>: A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to investigate the interaction between the measurement period and measurement group, as well as the intra-group effect throughout the measurement period. The statistical significance level was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. Bonferroni post hoc corrections were used to analyze the intra-group differences before and after the effect of the interventions (α = 0.025). <b>Results</b>: A significant difference in within-group effect validation was found when comparing the time of change between the two groups before and after the intervention. There was no significant difference in the interaction effect depending on the time and group (<i>p</i> > 0.025). <b>Conclusions</b>: Scapular stabilization combined with breathing training or thoracic exercises effectively reduces pain and improves respiratory function in upper cross syndrome.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6147pressure pain thresholdrespiration functionlower chest expansion
spellingShingle Xin Yan
Tae-Ho Kim
The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome
Applied Sciences
pressure pain threshold
respiration function
lower chest expansion
title The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome
title_full The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome
title_fullStr The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome
title_short The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome
title_sort impact of combined scapular stabilization and breathing training on pain and respiratory function in individuals with upper cross syndrome
topic pressure pain threshold
respiration function
lower chest expansion
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6147
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