The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome
This study involves 32 adults with upper cross syndrome (UCS). The experimental group was asked to perform scapular stabilization accompanied by breathing training (SBG). The comparison group was asked to perform scapular stabilization accompanied by thoracic exercises (STG). After four weeks of exe...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Xin Yan Tae-Ho Kim |
| author_facet | Xin Yan Tae-Ho Kim |
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| description | This study involves 32 adults with upper cross syndrome (UCS). The experimental group was asked to perform scapular stabilization accompanied by breathing training (SBG). The comparison group was asked to perform scapular stabilization accompanied by thoracic exercises (STG). After four weeks of exercise, changes in the pressure pain threshold (PPT), respiration function, and lower chest expansion (LCE) were measured again. <b>Methods</b>: A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to investigate the interaction between the measurement period and measurement group, as well as the intra-group effect throughout the measurement period. The statistical significance level was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. Bonferroni post hoc corrections were used to analyze the intra-group differences before and after the effect of the interventions (α = 0.025). <b>Results</b>: A significant difference in within-group effect validation was found when comparing the time of change between the two groups before and after the intervention. There was no significant difference in the interaction effect depending on the time and group (<i>p</i> > 0.025). <b>Conclusions</b>: Scapular stabilization combined with breathing training or thoracic exercises effectively reduces pain and improves respiratory function in upper cross syndrome. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
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| spelling | doaj-art-7e4f6cb1da2646f78bc4223bf6f233722025-08-20T02:23:06ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511614710.3390/app15116147The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross SyndromeXin Yan0Tae-Ho Kim1Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Republic of KoreaThis study involves 32 adults with upper cross syndrome (UCS). The experimental group was asked to perform scapular stabilization accompanied by breathing training (SBG). The comparison group was asked to perform scapular stabilization accompanied by thoracic exercises (STG). After four weeks of exercise, changes in the pressure pain threshold (PPT), respiration function, and lower chest expansion (LCE) were measured again. <b>Methods</b>: A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to investigate the interaction between the measurement period and measurement group, as well as the intra-group effect throughout the measurement period. The statistical significance level was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. Bonferroni post hoc corrections were used to analyze the intra-group differences before and after the effect of the interventions (α = 0.025). <b>Results</b>: A significant difference in within-group effect validation was found when comparing the time of change between the two groups before and after the intervention. There was no significant difference in the interaction effect depending on the time and group (<i>p</i> > 0.025). <b>Conclusions</b>: Scapular stabilization combined with breathing training or thoracic exercises effectively reduces pain and improves respiratory function in upper cross syndrome.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6147pressure pain thresholdrespiration functionlower chest expansion |
| spellingShingle | Xin Yan Tae-Ho Kim The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome Applied Sciences pressure pain threshold respiration function lower chest expansion |
| title | The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome |
| title_full | The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome |
| title_short | The Impact of Combined Scapular Stabilization and Breathing Training on Pain and Respiratory Function in Individuals with Upper Cross Syndrome |
| title_sort | impact of combined scapular stabilization and breathing training on pain and respiratory function in individuals with upper cross syndrome |
| topic | pressure pain threshold respiration function lower chest expansion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6147 |
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