The Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding and Managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms can significantly impact academic performance, social interactions, and daily activities, often creating cycles that worsen...

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Main Authors: Yuying Wang, Yuan Zhao, Luming Hu, Xuemin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Children
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/3/303
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author Yuying Wang
Yuan Zhao
Luming Hu
Xuemin Zhang
author_facet Yuying Wang
Yuan Zhao
Luming Hu
Xuemin Zhang
author_sort Yuying Wang
collection DOAJ
description Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms can significantly impact academic performance, social interactions, and daily activities, often creating cycles that worsen long-term challenges. This review introduces the <i>Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model</i> (MDFM), which aids in understanding ADHD’s development and guiding intervention strategies. The model emphasizes the dynamic interactions among genetic, environmental, cognitive, and behavioral factors. The MDFM consists of three key aspects: (1) the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in shaping ADHD’s biological basis, (2) the role of cognitive and neural processes in driving core symptoms, and (3) the influence of behavioral feedback loops that reinforce negative behaviors and hinder adaptation. The model highlights the importance of personalized interventions and effective feedback systems, including early prevention, supportive family and school environments, and the impact of social and cultural backgrounds on treatment outcomes. As a comprehensive framework, the MDFM offers a holistic perspective for clinicians, aiming to enhance long-term outcomes and promote the health and well-being of individuals with ADHD across the lifespan. By addressing implementation challenges, the model seeks to improve ADHD prevention and management, ultimately supporting individuals and their communities.
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spelling doaj-art-7e450fa45d24426a815eb1f69a7c1daf2025-08-20T03:43:37ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-02-0112330310.3390/children12030303The Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding and Managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderYuying Wang0Yuan Zhao1Luming Hu2Xuemin Zhang3Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519085, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms can significantly impact academic performance, social interactions, and daily activities, often creating cycles that worsen long-term challenges. This review introduces the <i>Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model</i> (MDFM), which aids in understanding ADHD’s development and guiding intervention strategies. The model emphasizes the dynamic interactions among genetic, environmental, cognitive, and behavioral factors. The MDFM consists of three key aspects: (1) the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in shaping ADHD’s biological basis, (2) the role of cognitive and neural processes in driving core symptoms, and (3) the influence of behavioral feedback loops that reinforce negative behaviors and hinder adaptation. The model highlights the importance of personalized interventions and effective feedback systems, including early prevention, supportive family and school environments, and the impact of social and cultural backgrounds on treatment outcomes. As a comprehensive framework, the MDFM offers a holistic perspective for clinicians, aiming to enhance long-term outcomes and promote the health and well-being of individuals with ADHD across the lifespan. By addressing implementation challenges, the model seeks to improve ADHD prevention and management, ultimately supporting individuals and their communities.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/3/303ADHDpediatric healthbehavioral feedback loopspersonalized interventionsprevention and management
spellingShingle Yuying Wang
Yuan Zhao
Luming Hu
Xuemin Zhang
The Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding and Managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Children
ADHD
pediatric health
behavioral feedback loops
personalized interventions
prevention and management
title The Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding and Managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
title_full The Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding and Managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
title_fullStr The Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding and Managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
title_full_unstemmed The Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding and Managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
title_short The Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding and Managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
title_sort multidimensional dynamic feedback model a comprehensive framework for understanding and managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
topic ADHD
pediatric health
behavioral feedback loops
personalized interventions
prevention and management
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/3/303
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