Use of artificial intelligence to support prehospital traumatic injury care: A scoping review

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformative potential to support prehospital clinicians, emergency physicians, and trauma surgeons in acute traumatic injury care. This scoping review examines the literature evaluating AI models using prehospital features to support early trau...

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Main Authors: Jake Toy, Jonathan Warren, Kelsey Wilhelm, Brant Putnam, Denise Whitfield, Marianne Gausche‐Hill, Nichole Bosson, Ross Donaldson, Shira Schlesinger, Tabitha Cheng, Craig Goolsby
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-10-01
Series:Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.13251
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author Jake Toy
Jonathan Warren
Kelsey Wilhelm
Brant Putnam
Denise Whitfield
Marianne Gausche‐Hill
Nichole Bosson
Ross Donaldson
Shira Schlesinger
Tabitha Cheng
Craig Goolsby
author_facet Jake Toy
Jonathan Warren
Kelsey Wilhelm
Brant Putnam
Denise Whitfield
Marianne Gausche‐Hill
Nichole Bosson
Ross Donaldson
Shira Schlesinger
Tabitha Cheng
Craig Goolsby
author_sort Jake Toy
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformative potential to support prehospital clinicians, emergency physicians, and trauma surgeons in acute traumatic injury care. This scoping review examines the literature evaluating AI models using prehospital features to support early traumatic injury care. Methods We conducted a systematic search in August 2023 of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers screened titles/abstracts, with a third reviewer for adjudication, followed by a full‐text analysis. We included original research and conference presentations evaluating AI models—machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP)—that used prehospital features or features available immediately upon emergency department arrival. Review articles were excluded. The same investigators extracted data and systematically categorized outcomes to ensure consistency and transparency. We calculated kappa for interrater reliability and descriptive statistics. Results We identified 1050 unique publications, with 49 meeting inclusion criteria after title and abstract review (kappa 0.58) and full‐text review. Publications increased annually from 2 in 2007 to 10 in 2022. Geographic analysis revealed a 61% focus on data from the United States. Studies were predominantly retrospective (88%), used local (45%) or national level (41%) data, focused on adults only (59%) or did not specify adults or pediatrics (27%), and 57% encompassed both blunt and penetrating injury mechanisms. The majority used machine learning (88%) alone or in conjunction with DL or NLP, and the top three algorithms used were support vector machine, logistic regression, and random forest. The most common study objectives were to predict the need for critical care and life‐saving interventions (29%), assist in triage (22%), and predict survival (20%). Conclusions A small but growing body of literature described AI models based on prehospital features that may support decisions made by dispatchers, Emergency Medical Services clinicians, and trauma teams in early traumatic injury care.
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spelling doaj-art-7e40a8df341f4a4f81ae6a773598d8b82025-08-20T02:08:57ZengElsevierJournal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open2688-11522024-10-0155n/an/a10.1002/emp2.13251Use of artificial intelligence to support prehospital traumatic injury care: A scoping reviewJake Toy0Jonathan Warren1Kelsey Wilhelm2Brant Putnam3Denise Whitfield4Marianne Gausche‐Hill5Nichole Bosson6Ross Donaldson7Shira Schlesinger8Tabitha Cheng9Craig Goolsby10The Lundquist Institute, Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorrance California USAThe Lundquist Institute, Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorrance California USAThe Lundquist Institute, Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorrance California USADepartment of Surgery Harbor‐UCLA Medical Center Torrance California USAThe Lundquist Institute, Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorrance California USAThe Lundquist Institute, Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorrance California USAThe Lundquist Institute, Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorrance California USAThe Lundquist Institute, Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorrance California USAThe Lundquist Institute, Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorrance California USAThe Lundquist Institute, Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorrance California USAThe Lundquist Institute, Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorrance California USAAbstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformative potential to support prehospital clinicians, emergency physicians, and trauma surgeons in acute traumatic injury care. This scoping review examines the literature evaluating AI models using prehospital features to support early traumatic injury care. Methods We conducted a systematic search in August 2023 of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers screened titles/abstracts, with a third reviewer for adjudication, followed by a full‐text analysis. We included original research and conference presentations evaluating AI models—machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP)—that used prehospital features or features available immediately upon emergency department arrival. Review articles were excluded. The same investigators extracted data and systematically categorized outcomes to ensure consistency and transparency. We calculated kappa for interrater reliability and descriptive statistics. Results We identified 1050 unique publications, with 49 meeting inclusion criteria after title and abstract review (kappa 0.58) and full‐text review. Publications increased annually from 2 in 2007 to 10 in 2022. Geographic analysis revealed a 61% focus on data from the United States. Studies were predominantly retrospective (88%), used local (45%) or national level (41%) data, focused on adults only (59%) or did not specify adults or pediatrics (27%), and 57% encompassed both blunt and penetrating injury mechanisms. The majority used machine learning (88%) alone or in conjunction with DL or NLP, and the top three algorithms used were support vector machine, logistic regression, and random forest. The most common study objectives were to predict the need for critical care and life‐saving interventions (29%), assist in triage (22%), and predict survival (20%). Conclusions A small but growing body of literature described AI models based on prehospital features that may support decisions made by dispatchers, Emergency Medical Services clinicians, and trauma teams in early traumatic injury care.https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.13251artificial intelligencedeep learningemergency medical servicesmachine learningnatural language processingprehospital care
spellingShingle Jake Toy
Jonathan Warren
Kelsey Wilhelm
Brant Putnam
Denise Whitfield
Marianne Gausche‐Hill
Nichole Bosson
Ross Donaldson
Shira Schlesinger
Tabitha Cheng
Craig Goolsby
Use of artificial intelligence to support prehospital traumatic injury care: A scoping review
Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open
artificial intelligence
deep learning
emergency medical services
machine learning
natural language processing
prehospital care
title Use of artificial intelligence to support prehospital traumatic injury care: A scoping review
title_full Use of artificial intelligence to support prehospital traumatic injury care: A scoping review
title_fullStr Use of artificial intelligence to support prehospital traumatic injury care: A scoping review
title_full_unstemmed Use of artificial intelligence to support prehospital traumatic injury care: A scoping review
title_short Use of artificial intelligence to support prehospital traumatic injury care: A scoping review
title_sort use of artificial intelligence to support prehospital traumatic injury care a scoping review
topic artificial intelligence
deep learning
emergency medical services
machine learning
natural language processing
prehospital care
url https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.13251
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