Quantum Error-Corrected Non-Markovian Metrology

Quantum metrology aims to maximize measurement precision on quantum systems, with a wide range of applications in quantum sensing. Achieving the Heisenberg limit (HL)—the fundamental precision bound set by quantum mechanics—is often hindered by noise-induced decoherence, which typically reduces achi...

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Main Authors: Zachary Mann, Ningping Cao, Raymond Laflamme, Sisi Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-08-01
Series:PRX Quantum
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/wfyl-wtz3
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author Zachary Mann
Ningping Cao
Raymond Laflamme
Sisi Zhou
author_facet Zachary Mann
Ningping Cao
Raymond Laflamme
Sisi Zhou
author_sort Zachary Mann
collection DOAJ
description Quantum metrology aims to maximize measurement precision on quantum systems, with a wide range of applications in quantum sensing. Achieving the Heisenberg limit (HL)—the fundamental precision bound set by quantum mechanics—is often hindered by noise-induced decoherence, which typically reduces achievable precision to the standard quantum limit (SQL). While quantum error correction (QEC) can recover the HL under Markovian noise, its applicability to non-Markovian noise remains less explored. In this work, we analyze a hidden Markov model (HMM) in which a quantum probe, coupled to an inaccessible environment, undergoes joint evolution described by Lindbladian dynamics, with the inaccessible degrees of freedom serving as a memory. We derive generalized Knill-Laflamme conditions for the HMM and establish three types of sufficient conditions for achieving the HL under non-Markovian noise using QEC. Additionally, we demonstrate the attainability of the SQL when these sufficient conditions are violated, by analytical solutions for special cases and numerical methods for general scenarios. Our results not only extend prior QEC frameworks for metrology but also provide new insights into precision limits under realistic noise conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-7e32205db7554e64bde942fa2308a99a2025-08-20T02:56:28ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPRX Quantum2691-33992025-08-016303032110.1103/wfyl-wtz3Quantum Error-Corrected Non-Markovian MetrologyZachary MannNingping CaoRaymond LaflammeSisi ZhouQuantum metrology aims to maximize measurement precision on quantum systems, with a wide range of applications in quantum sensing. Achieving the Heisenberg limit (HL)—the fundamental precision bound set by quantum mechanics—is often hindered by noise-induced decoherence, which typically reduces achievable precision to the standard quantum limit (SQL). While quantum error correction (QEC) can recover the HL under Markovian noise, its applicability to non-Markovian noise remains less explored. In this work, we analyze a hidden Markov model (HMM) in which a quantum probe, coupled to an inaccessible environment, undergoes joint evolution described by Lindbladian dynamics, with the inaccessible degrees of freedom serving as a memory. We derive generalized Knill-Laflamme conditions for the HMM and establish three types of sufficient conditions for achieving the HL under non-Markovian noise using QEC. Additionally, we demonstrate the attainability of the SQL when these sufficient conditions are violated, by analytical solutions for special cases and numerical methods for general scenarios. Our results not only extend prior QEC frameworks for metrology but also provide new insights into precision limits under realistic noise conditions.http://doi.org/10.1103/wfyl-wtz3
spellingShingle Zachary Mann
Ningping Cao
Raymond Laflamme
Sisi Zhou
Quantum Error-Corrected Non-Markovian Metrology
PRX Quantum
title Quantum Error-Corrected Non-Markovian Metrology
title_full Quantum Error-Corrected Non-Markovian Metrology
title_fullStr Quantum Error-Corrected Non-Markovian Metrology
title_full_unstemmed Quantum Error-Corrected Non-Markovian Metrology
title_short Quantum Error-Corrected Non-Markovian Metrology
title_sort quantum error corrected non markovian metrology
url http://doi.org/10.1103/wfyl-wtz3
work_keys_str_mv AT zacharymann quantumerrorcorrectednonmarkovianmetrology
AT ningpingcao quantumerrorcorrectednonmarkovianmetrology
AT raymondlaflamme quantumerrorcorrectednonmarkovianmetrology
AT sisizhou quantumerrorcorrectednonmarkovianmetrology