Divergent Patterns of Metabolite Expression in Red Seaweeds (<i>Devaleraea mollis</i> and <i>Palmaria hecatensis)</i> Following Nitrate and Ammonium Supplementation

This study explores species-specific metabolic responses to different nitrogen-rich formulations in <i>Devaleraea mollis</i> and <i>Palmaria hecatensis</i>, highlighting distinct adaptive strategies. We evaluated the effects of Von Stosch Enrichment (VSE, nitrate-only), F/2 (...

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Main Authors: Schery Umanzor, Jae Woo Jung, Muriel Dittrich, Jang K. Kim, Patrick Tomco, Zachary C. Redman, Monica Brandhuber
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Life
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/2/143
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author Schery Umanzor
Jae Woo Jung
Muriel Dittrich
Jang K. Kim
Patrick Tomco
Zachary C. Redman
Monica Brandhuber
author_facet Schery Umanzor
Jae Woo Jung
Muriel Dittrich
Jang K. Kim
Patrick Tomco
Zachary C. Redman
Monica Brandhuber
author_sort Schery Umanzor
collection DOAJ
description This study explores species-specific metabolic responses to different nitrogen-rich formulations in <i>Devaleraea mollis</i> and <i>Palmaria hecatensis</i>, highlighting distinct adaptive strategies. We evaluated the effects of Von Stosch Enrichment (VSE, nitrate-only), F/2 (nitrate-only), and Jack’s Special (JS, nitrate and ammonium) on metabolic profiles. <i>D. mollis</i> exhibited elevated energy storage and growth-related metabolites, with JS enhancing creatine production for energy storage and regeneration, alongside increased DNA/RNA synthesis and cell division activity. This suggests <i>D. mollis</i> prioritizes rapid growth and energy demands, supporting broader ecological adaptability. Conversely, <i>P. hecatensis</i> showed higher expression of metabolites linked to amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis, indicating a focus on efficient nitrogen use for protein production, likely advantageous in low-light, high-turbidity conditions. Nitrogen sources significantly influence amino acid metabolism, with JS promoting broader amino acid production and VSE and F/2 stimulating specific metabolites. These species-specific metabolic patterns underscore the flexibility of <i>D. mollis</i> in energy use versus adaptations of <i>P. hecatensis</i> to protein synthesis pathways. These findings highlight species-specific nutrient formulations as essential for optimizing seaweed growth and metabolic traits in aquaculture.
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spelling doaj-art-7e2b825611dc42cf821a3af2f1d8e1c12025-08-20T02:44:42ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-01-0115214310.3390/life15020143Divergent Patterns of Metabolite Expression in Red Seaweeds (<i>Devaleraea mollis</i> and <i>Palmaria hecatensis)</i> Following Nitrate and Ammonium SupplementationSchery Umanzor0Jae Woo Jung1Muriel Dittrich2Jang K. Kim3Patrick Tomco4Zachary C. Redman5Monica Brandhuber6College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK 99801, USADepartment of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of KoreaCollege of Fisheries and Ocean Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK 99801, USADepartment of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USAThis study explores species-specific metabolic responses to different nitrogen-rich formulations in <i>Devaleraea mollis</i> and <i>Palmaria hecatensis</i>, highlighting distinct adaptive strategies. We evaluated the effects of Von Stosch Enrichment (VSE, nitrate-only), F/2 (nitrate-only), and Jack’s Special (JS, nitrate and ammonium) on metabolic profiles. <i>D. mollis</i> exhibited elevated energy storage and growth-related metabolites, with JS enhancing creatine production for energy storage and regeneration, alongside increased DNA/RNA synthesis and cell division activity. This suggests <i>D. mollis</i> prioritizes rapid growth and energy demands, supporting broader ecological adaptability. Conversely, <i>P. hecatensis</i> showed higher expression of metabolites linked to amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis, indicating a focus on efficient nitrogen use for protein production, likely advantageous in low-light, high-turbidity conditions. Nitrogen sources significantly influence amino acid metabolism, with JS promoting broader amino acid production and VSE and F/2 stimulating specific metabolites. These species-specific metabolic patterns underscore the flexibility of <i>D. mollis</i> in energy use versus adaptations of <i>P. hecatensis</i> to protein synthesis pathways. These findings highlight species-specific nutrient formulations as essential for optimizing seaweed growth and metabolic traits in aquaculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/2/143metabolomicsPacific dulseprotein synthesisrhodophytesseaweed aquaculture
spellingShingle Schery Umanzor
Jae Woo Jung
Muriel Dittrich
Jang K. Kim
Patrick Tomco
Zachary C. Redman
Monica Brandhuber
Divergent Patterns of Metabolite Expression in Red Seaweeds (<i>Devaleraea mollis</i> and <i>Palmaria hecatensis)</i> Following Nitrate and Ammonium Supplementation
Life
metabolomics
Pacific dulse
protein synthesis
rhodophytes
seaweed aquaculture
title Divergent Patterns of Metabolite Expression in Red Seaweeds (<i>Devaleraea mollis</i> and <i>Palmaria hecatensis)</i> Following Nitrate and Ammonium Supplementation
title_full Divergent Patterns of Metabolite Expression in Red Seaweeds (<i>Devaleraea mollis</i> and <i>Palmaria hecatensis)</i> Following Nitrate and Ammonium Supplementation
title_fullStr Divergent Patterns of Metabolite Expression in Red Seaweeds (<i>Devaleraea mollis</i> and <i>Palmaria hecatensis)</i> Following Nitrate and Ammonium Supplementation
title_full_unstemmed Divergent Patterns of Metabolite Expression in Red Seaweeds (<i>Devaleraea mollis</i> and <i>Palmaria hecatensis)</i> Following Nitrate and Ammonium Supplementation
title_short Divergent Patterns of Metabolite Expression in Red Seaweeds (<i>Devaleraea mollis</i> and <i>Palmaria hecatensis)</i> Following Nitrate and Ammonium Supplementation
title_sort divergent patterns of metabolite expression in red seaweeds i devaleraea mollis i and i palmaria hecatensis i following nitrate and ammonium supplementation
topic metabolomics
Pacific dulse
protein synthesis
rhodophytes
seaweed aquaculture
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/2/143
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