Binding Affinity of Synthetic Cannabinoids to Human Serum Albumin: Site Characterization and Interaction Insights

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> High-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) was used to investigate the binding affinity of a series of synthetic cannabinoids, a widely abused class of new psychoactive substances, to human serum albumin (HSA) and obtain insights into the binding sites....

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Main Authors: Rita M. G. Santos, Rita Lima, Sara Cravo, Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes, Fernando Remião, Carla Fernandes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/4/581
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author Rita M. G. Santos
Rita Lima
Sara Cravo
Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes
Fernando Remião
Carla Fernandes
author_facet Rita M. G. Santos
Rita Lima
Sara Cravo
Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes
Fernando Remião
Carla Fernandes
author_sort Rita M. G. Santos
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> High-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) was used to investigate the binding affinity of a series of synthetic cannabinoids, a widely abused class of new psychoactive substances, to human serum albumin (HSA) and obtain insights into the binding sites. To better understand the recognition mechanisms, molecular docking studies were conducted. <b>Methods:</b> Binding affinity was assessed through zonal elution approach Additionally, displacement chromatography with site-specific probes provided insights into the HSA binding sites of five synthetic cannabinoids. <b>Results:</b> That these drugs exhibit extensive binding to HSA, with values ranging from 98.7% to 99.9%. Competition for site I was observed between warfarin and four synthetic cannabinoids (5F-AMB, AB-PINACA, AMB-FUBINACA, and AB-CHMINACA). Furthermore, AB-CHMINACA also competed with L-tryptophan for site II. The binding affinity of all synthetic cannabinoids increased in the presence of (<i>S</i>)-ibuprofen. Molecular docking studies supported the experimental findings, reinforcing the insights gained. <b>Conclusions:</b> The key novelty of this study lies in analyzing, for the first time, the binding affinity of synthetic cannabinoids to HSA through HPAC and molecular docking. These results may improve our understanding of their toxicokinetic behavior and help in predicting possible competitive interactions that could influence HSA binding and, consequently, their activity and toxicity. This study is the first to describe the binding affinity of synthetic cannabinoids to HSA, elucidate their recognition mechanisms, identify binding sites, and characterize their interactions with the protein.
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spelling doaj-art-7e2a4b38a31e46fc86f7a18b5d4d7ffd2025-08-20T02:28:25ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-04-0118458110.3390/ph18040581Binding Affinity of Synthetic Cannabinoids to Human Serum Albumin: Site Characterization and Interaction InsightsRita M. G. Santos0Rita Lima1Sara Cravo2Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes3Fernando Remião4Carla Fernandes5Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalLaboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalLaboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalUCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalLaboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal<b>Background/Objectives:</b> High-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) was used to investigate the binding affinity of a series of synthetic cannabinoids, a widely abused class of new psychoactive substances, to human serum albumin (HSA) and obtain insights into the binding sites. To better understand the recognition mechanisms, molecular docking studies were conducted. <b>Methods:</b> Binding affinity was assessed through zonal elution approach Additionally, displacement chromatography with site-specific probes provided insights into the HSA binding sites of five synthetic cannabinoids. <b>Results:</b> That these drugs exhibit extensive binding to HSA, with values ranging from 98.7% to 99.9%. Competition for site I was observed between warfarin and four synthetic cannabinoids (5F-AMB, AB-PINACA, AMB-FUBINACA, and AB-CHMINACA). Furthermore, AB-CHMINACA also competed with L-tryptophan for site II. The binding affinity of all synthetic cannabinoids increased in the presence of (<i>S</i>)-ibuprofen. Molecular docking studies supported the experimental findings, reinforcing the insights gained. <b>Conclusions:</b> The key novelty of this study lies in analyzing, for the first time, the binding affinity of synthetic cannabinoids to HSA through HPAC and molecular docking. These results may improve our understanding of their toxicokinetic behavior and help in predicting possible competitive interactions that could influence HSA binding and, consequently, their activity and toxicity. This study is the first to describe the binding affinity of synthetic cannabinoids to HSA, elucidate their recognition mechanisms, identify binding sites, and characterize their interactions with the protein.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/4/581binding affinitydockingdisplacement studiesHPACHSAsynthetic cannabinoids
spellingShingle Rita M. G. Santos
Rita Lima
Sara Cravo
Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes
Fernando Remião
Carla Fernandes
Binding Affinity of Synthetic Cannabinoids to Human Serum Albumin: Site Characterization and Interaction Insights
Pharmaceuticals
binding affinity
docking
displacement studies
HPAC
HSA
synthetic cannabinoids
title Binding Affinity of Synthetic Cannabinoids to Human Serum Albumin: Site Characterization and Interaction Insights
title_full Binding Affinity of Synthetic Cannabinoids to Human Serum Albumin: Site Characterization and Interaction Insights
title_fullStr Binding Affinity of Synthetic Cannabinoids to Human Serum Albumin: Site Characterization and Interaction Insights
title_full_unstemmed Binding Affinity of Synthetic Cannabinoids to Human Serum Albumin: Site Characterization and Interaction Insights
title_short Binding Affinity of Synthetic Cannabinoids to Human Serum Albumin: Site Characterization and Interaction Insights
title_sort binding affinity of synthetic cannabinoids to human serum albumin site characterization and interaction insights
topic binding affinity
docking
displacement studies
HPAC
HSA
synthetic cannabinoids
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/4/581
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