Epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis in non-human primates and their caregivers: A study from Czech zoos

Giardia intestinalis is a globally distributed protist whose epidemiology appears to be more complex than previously assumed. Recent studies suggest that it frequently asymptomatically colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and animals, yet its transmission dynamics remain poorly unders...

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Main Authors: Kristýna Brožová, Anna Šejnohová, Monika Koutenská, Zuzana Pavlíčková, Milan Jirků, Eliška Zimmelová, Oldřiška Kadlecová, Klára J. Petrželková, Kateřina Jirků
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:One Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425002125
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author Kristýna Brožová
Anna Šejnohová
Monika Koutenská
Zuzana Pavlíčková
Milan Jirků
Eliška Zimmelová
Oldřiška Kadlecová
Klára J. Petrželková
Kateřina Jirků
author_facet Kristýna Brožová
Anna Šejnohová
Monika Koutenská
Zuzana Pavlíčková
Milan Jirků
Eliška Zimmelová
Oldřiška Kadlecová
Klára J. Petrželková
Kateřina Jirků
author_sort Kristýna Brožová
collection DOAJ
description Giardia intestinalis is a globally distributed protist whose epidemiology appears to be more complex than previously assumed. Recent studies suggest that it frequently asymptomatically colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and animals, yet its transmission dynamics remain poorly understood—particularly in shared environments involving close human–animal contact. Adopting a One Health perspective, this study investigated the occurrence of G. intestinalis in captive non-human primates (NHPs) and their caregivers across six zoological gardens in the Czech Republic, with a particular focus on the potential for zoonotic transmission. A total of 179 fecal samples (159 from 37 NHP species and 20 from caregivers) were analyzed using qPCR. Giardia was detected in 47 % of NHPs and 30 % of caregivers. Assemblage B was the most frequently identified genotype; however, genotyping was challenging in samples with low fecal protist load, limiting the ability to accurately assess transmission pathways. These findings reveal a high prevalence of G. intestinalis in zoo environments and underscore the importance of improved genotyping tools and further research into its transmission across species boundaries in human-managed settings.
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spelling doaj-art-7e285c4f4b24418798648b7dc112f1f62025-08-23T04:48:42ZengElsevierOne Health2352-77142025-12-012110117610.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101176Epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis in non-human primates and their caregivers: A study from Czech zoosKristýna Brožová0Anna Šejnohová1Monika Koutenská2Zuzana Pavlíčková3Milan Jirků4Eliška Zimmelová5Oldřiška Kadlecová6Klára J. Petrželková7Kateřina Jirků8Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Corresponding author at: Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicGiardia intestinalis is a globally distributed protist whose epidemiology appears to be more complex than previously assumed. Recent studies suggest that it frequently asymptomatically colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and animals, yet its transmission dynamics remain poorly understood—particularly in shared environments involving close human–animal contact. Adopting a One Health perspective, this study investigated the occurrence of G. intestinalis in captive non-human primates (NHPs) and their caregivers across six zoological gardens in the Czech Republic, with a particular focus on the potential for zoonotic transmission. A total of 179 fecal samples (159 from 37 NHP species and 20 from caregivers) were analyzed using qPCR. Giardia was detected in 47 % of NHPs and 30 % of caregivers. Assemblage B was the most frequently identified genotype; however, genotyping was challenging in samples with low fecal protist load, limiting the ability to accurately assess transmission pathways. These findings reveal a high prevalence of G. intestinalis in zoo environments and underscore the importance of improved genotyping tools and further research into its transmission across species boundaries in human-managed settings.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425002125Giardia intestinalisIntestinal protistNon-human primatesCaregiversZoological gardensPrevalence
spellingShingle Kristýna Brožová
Anna Šejnohová
Monika Koutenská
Zuzana Pavlíčková
Milan Jirků
Eliška Zimmelová
Oldřiška Kadlecová
Klára J. Petrželková
Kateřina Jirků
Epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis in non-human primates and their caregivers: A study from Czech zoos
One Health
Giardia intestinalis
Intestinal protist
Non-human primates
Caregivers
Zoological gardens
Prevalence
title Epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis in non-human primates and their caregivers: A study from Czech zoos
title_full Epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis in non-human primates and their caregivers: A study from Czech zoos
title_fullStr Epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis in non-human primates and their caregivers: A study from Czech zoos
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis in non-human primates and their caregivers: A study from Czech zoos
title_short Epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis in non-human primates and their caregivers: A study from Czech zoos
title_sort epidemiology of giardia intestinalis in non human primates and their caregivers a study from czech zoos
topic Giardia intestinalis
Intestinal protist
Non-human primates
Caregivers
Zoological gardens
Prevalence
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425002125
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