Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of an essential oil and tincture from the berries of Juniperus communis L. (juniper oil and juniper tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of juniper oil and juniper tincture obtained from the berries of Juniperus communis L., when used as sensory additives for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additi...

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Main Authors: EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti, Maria de Lourdes Bastos, Henrik Christensen, Mojca Durjava, Maryline Kouba, Marta López‐Alonso, Secundino López Puente, Francesca Marcon, Baltasar Mayo, Alena Pechová, Mariana Petkova, Fernando Ramos, Yolanda Sanz, Roberto Edoardo Villa, Ruud Woutersen, Paul Brantom, Andrew Chesson, Johannes Westendorf, Paola Manini, Birgit Dusemund
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2023-04-01
Series:EFSA Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7977
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author EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)
Vasileios Bampidis
Giovanna Azimonti
Maria de Lourdes Bastos
Henrik Christensen
Mojca Durjava
Maryline Kouba
Marta López‐Alonso
Secundino López Puente
Francesca Marcon
Baltasar Mayo
Alena Pechová
Mariana Petkova
Fernando Ramos
Yolanda Sanz
Roberto Edoardo Villa
Ruud Woutersen
Paul Brantom
Andrew Chesson
Johannes Westendorf
Paola Manini
Birgit Dusemund
author_facet EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)
Vasileios Bampidis
Giovanna Azimonti
Maria de Lourdes Bastos
Henrik Christensen
Mojca Durjava
Maryline Kouba
Marta López‐Alonso
Secundino López Puente
Francesca Marcon
Baltasar Mayo
Alena Pechová
Mariana Petkova
Fernando Ramos
Yolanda Sanz
Roberto Edoardo Villa
Ruud Woutersen
Paul Brantom
Andrew Chesson
Johannes Westendorf
Paola Manini
Birgit Dusemund
author_sort EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of juniper oil and juniper tincture obtained from the berries of Juniperus communis L., when used as sensory additives for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that juniper oil is safe up to the maximum proposed use levels in complete feed of 5 mg/kg for laying hens, 15 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer) and cattle for fattening and 20 mg/kg for ornamental fish. For the other species, the calculated safe concentrations in complete feed were 4 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 5 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 7 mg/kg for piglets, 8 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 10 mg/kg for sows, dairy cows, 16 mg/kg for sheep, goats and horses, 6 mg/kg for rabbits, 17 mg/kg for salmonids, 18 mg/kg for dogs and 3 mg/kg for cats. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive was considered safe at 3 mg/kg complete feed. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that juniper tincture is safe up to the maximum proposed use level in feed of 45 mg/kg complete feed or water for drinking for all animal species. No concerns for consumers and the environment were identified following the use of the additives to the highest safe level in feed. The additives under assessment should be considered as irritants to skin and eyes, and as skin and respiratory sensitisers. Since the berries of J. communis and their preparations are recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
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spelling doaj-art-7e20e7bb97ba4b8a80c7a0e4d256496d2025-08-20T03:18:46ZengWileyEFSA Journal1831-47322023-04-01214n/an/a10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7977Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of an essential oil and tincture from the berries of Juniperus communis L. (juniper oil and juniper tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)Vasileios BampidisGiovanna AzimontiMaria de Lourdes BastosHenrik ChristensenMojca DurjavaMaryline KoubaMarta López‐AlonsoSecundino López PuenteFrancesca MarconBaltasar MayoAlena PechováMariana PetkovaFernando RamosYolanda SanzRoberto Edoardo VillaRuud WoutersenPaul BrantomAndrew ChessonJohannes WestendorfPaola ManiniBirgit DusemundAbstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of juniper oil and juniper tincture obtained from the berries of Juniperus communis L., when used as sensory additives for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that juniper oil is safe up to the maximum proposed use levels in complete feed of 5 mg/kg for laying hens, 15 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer) and cattle for fattening and 20 mg/kg for ornamental fish. For the other species, the calculated safe concentrations in complete feed were 4 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 5 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 7 mg/kg for piglets, 8 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 10 mg/kg for sows, dairy cows, 16 mg/kg for sheep, goats and horses, 6 mg/kg for rabbits, 17 mg/kg for salmonids, 18 mg/kg for dogs and 3 mg/kg for cats. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive was considered safe at 3 mg/kg complete feed. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that juniper tincture is safe up to the maximum proposed use level in feed of 45 mg/kg complete feed or water for drinking for all animal species. No concerns for consumers and the environment were identified following the use of the additives to the highest safe level in feed. The additives under assessment should be considered as irritants to skin and eyes, and as skin and respiratory sensitisers. Since the berries of J. communis and their preparations are recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7977sensory additivesflavouring compoundsJuniperus communis L.juniper oiljuniper tinctureα‐pinene
spellingShingle EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)
Vasileios Bampidis
Giovanna Azimonti
Maria de Lourdes Bastos
Henrik Christensen
Mojca Durjava
Maryline Kouba
Marta López‐Alonso
Secundino López Puente
Francesca Marcon
Baltasar Mayo
Alena Pechová
Mariana Petkova
Fernando Ramos
Yolanda Sanz
Roberto Edoardo Villa
Ruud Woutersen
Paul Brantom
Andrew Chesson
Johannes Westendorf
Paola Manini
Birgit Dusemund
Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of an essential oil and tincture from the berries of Juniperus communis L. (juniper oil and juniper tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)
EFSA Journal
sensory additives
flavouring compounds
Juniperus communis L.
juniper oil
juniper tincture
α‐pinene
title Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of an essential oil and tincture from the berries of Juniperus communis L. (juniper oil and juniper tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)
title_full Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of an essential oil and tincture from the berries of Juniperus communis L. (juniper oil and juniper tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)
title_fullStr Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of an essential oil and tincture from the berries of Juniperus communis L. (juniper oil and juniper tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)
title_full_unstemmed Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of an essential oil and tincture from the berries of Juniperus communis L. (juniper oil and juniper tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)
title_short Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of an essential oil and tincture from the berries of Juniperus communis L. (juniper oil and juniper tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)
title_sort safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of an essential oil and tincture from the berries of juniperus communis l juniper oil and juniper tincture for use in all animal species fefana asbl
topic sensory additives
flavouring compounds
Juniperus communis L.
juniper oil
juniper tincture
α‐pinene
url https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7977
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