Kinetics thermodynamics and adsorption study of raw treated diatomite as a sustainable adsorbent for crystal violet dye
Abstract Adsorption is a simple and effective method to remove heavy metal ions and anionic or cationic dyes from aqueous or waste solutions. Herein, we report on the adsorption of a cationic dye crystal violet on a low-cost natural material. The diatomite was obtained from Sig deposit (west of Alge...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05787-3 |
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| author | Mokhtar Saidi Bendoukha Abdelkrim Reguig Mohammed El Amine Monir Talal M. Althagafi M. Fatmi Abderahmane Remil Abdelhafid Zehhaf M. A. Ghebouli |
| author_facet | Mokhtar Saidi Bendoukha Abdelkrim Reguig Mohammed El Amine Monir Talal M. Althagafi M. Fatmi Abderahmane Remil Abdelhafid Zehhaf M. A. Ghebouli |
| author_sort | Mokhtar Saidi |
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| description | Abstract Adsorption is a simple and effective method to remove heavy metal ions and anionic or cationic dyes from aqueous or waste solutions. Herein, we report on the adsorption of a cationic dye crystal violet on a low-cost natural material. The diatomite was obtained from Sig deposit (west of Algeria) and then treated with 1 M HCl solution. Natural clay (diatomite) was characterized using different physical-chemical methods, including, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared and pH of zero charge. The effect of various experimental parameters, such as initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, initial pH, and shaking time on adsorption was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 82.0 mg.g− 1 for treated Diatomite and 75.0 mg.g− 1 for raw diatomite, with equilibrium reached within 120 min. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, with high correlation coefficients (R² = 0.998 for treated diatomite and R² = 0.999 for raw diatomite). The isotherm data showed the best fit with the Langmuir model. Optimal adsorption occurred at pH 8 for treated diatomite and pH 10 for raw diatomite. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7e0fe3acbc4a4ffba93a54afbfe2d195 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-7e0fe3acbc4a4ffba93a54afbfe2d1952025-08-20T03:03:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-05787-3Kinetics thermodynamics and adsorption study of raw treated diatomite as a sustainable adsorbent for crystal violet dyeMokhtar Saidi0Bendoukha Abdelkrim Reguig1Mohammed El Amine Monir2Talal M. Althagafi3M. Fatmi4Abderahmane Remil5Abdelhafid Zehhaf6M. A. Ghebouli7Laboratory of Organic, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Mascara UniversityLaboratory of Organic, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Mascara UniversityFaculty of the Exact Sciences, Mustapha Stambouli University of MascaraDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Taif UniversityResearch Unit on Emerging Materials (RUEM), University Ferhat Abbas of Setif 1Laboratory of Organic, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Mascara UniversityLaboratory of Process Engineering and Chemistry Solution, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technologies, Mascara UniversityResearch Unit on Emerging Materials (RUEM), University Ferhat Abbas of Setif 1Abstract Adsorption is a simple and effective method to remove heavy metal ions and anionic or cationic dyes from aqueous or waste solutions. Herein, we report on the adsorption of a cationic dye crystal violet on a low-cost natural material. The diatomite was obtained from Sig deposit (west of Algeria) and then treated with 1 M HCl solution. Natural clay (diatomite) was characterized using different physical-chemical methods, including, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared and pH of zero charge. The effect of various experimental parameters, such as initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, initial pH, and shaking time on adsorption was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 82.0 mg.g− 1 for treated Diatomite and 75.0 mg.g− 1 for raw diatomite, with equilibrium reached within 120 min. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, with high correlation coefficients (R² = 0.998 for treated diatomite and R² = 0.999 for raw diatomite). The isotherm data showed the best fit with the Langmuir model. Optimal adsorption occurred at pH 8 for treated diatomite and pH 10 for raw diatomite.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05787-3AdsorptionDiatomiteCrystal violetAcid treatmentWater treatmentDye removal |
| spellingShingle | Mokhtar Saidi Bendoukha Abdelkrim Reguig Mohammed El Amine Monir Talal M. Althagafi M. Fatmi Abderahmane Remil Abdelhafid Zehhaf M. A. Ghebouli Kinetics thermodynamics and adsorption study of raw treated diatomite as a sustainable adsorbent for crystal violet dye Scientific Reports Adsorption Diatomite Crystal violet Acid treatment Water treatment Dye removal |
| title | Kinetics thermodynamics and adsorption study of raw treated diatomite as a sustainable adsorbent for crystal violet dye |
| title_full | Kinetics thermodynamics and adsorption study of raw treated diatomite as a sustainable adsorbent for crystal violet dye |
| title_fullStr | Kinetics thermodynamics and adsorption study of raw treated diatomite as a sustainable adsorbent for crystal violet dye |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kinetics thermodynamics and adsorption study of raw treated diatomite as a sustainable adsorbent for crystal violet dye |
| title_short | Kinetics thermodynamics and adsorption study of raw treated diatomite as a sustainable adsorbent for crystal violet dye |
| title_sort | kinetics thermodynamics and adsorption study of raw treated diatomite as a sustainable adsorbent for crystal violet dye |
| topic | Adsorption Diatomite Crystal violet Acid treatment Water treatment Dye removal |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05787-3 |
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