Electrochemical heteroarylation and amidation of alkanes using activated glassy carbon electrodes without mediators

Abstract The functionalization of challenging unactivated C(sp 3)–H bonds was achieved electrocatalytically via hydrogen atom transfer and without mediators. This was possible through the sole activation of the surface of the Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) in an electrochemical fashion using a phosph...

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Main Authors: Loris Laze, Jose C. Gonzalez-Gomez, Irene Bosque
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Communications Chemistry
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-025-01494-2
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author Loris Laze
Jose C. Gonzalez-Gomez
Irene Bosque
author_facet Loris Laze
Jose C. Gonzalez-Gomez
Irene Bosque
author_sort Loris Laze
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The functionalization of challenging unactivated C(sp 3)–H bonds was achieved electrocatalytically via hydrogen atom transfer and without mediators. This was possible through the sole activation of the surface of the Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) in an electrochemical fashion using a phosphate buffer. This activation produced oxygenated functional groups on the surface, capable of abstracting these hydrogen atoms from C(sp 3)–H of alkanes. Minisci and Ritter-type reactions were achieved using this procedure. Extensive characterization of the activated GCE (AGCE) and preliminary mechanistic studies allow us to propose plausible reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, a regular battery can be used within this protocol to achieve the desired substituted alkanes under inexpensive and user-friendly conditions.
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-7e0aad2ae12f4c06945ddc4256efe2112025-08-20T02:49:33ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Chemistry2399-36692025-03-01811710.1038/s42004-025-01494-2Electrochemical heteroarylation and amidation of alkanes using activated glassy carbon electrodes without mediatorsLoris Laze0Jose C. Gonzalez-Gomez1Irene Bosque2Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de AlicanteInstituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de AlicanteInstituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de AlicanteAbstract The functionalization of challenging unactivated C(sp 3)–H bonds was achieved electrocatalytically via hydrogen atom transfer and without mediators. This was possible through the sole activation of the surface of the Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) in an electrochemical fashion using a phosphate buffer. This activation produced oxygenated functional groups on the surface, capable of abstracting these hydrogen atoms from C(sp 3)–H of alkanes. Minisci and Ritter-type reactions were achieved using this procedure. Extensive characterization of the activated GCE (AGCE) and preliminary mechanistic studies allow us to propose plausible reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, a regular battery can be used within this protocol to achieve the desired substituted alkanes under inexpensive and user-friendly conditions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-025-01494-2
spellingShingle Loris Laze
Jose C. Gonzalez-Gomez
Irene Bosque
Electrochemical heteroarylation and amidation of alkanes using activated glassy carbon electrodes without mediators
Communications Chemistry
title Electrochemical heteroarylation and amidation of alkanes using activated glassy carbon electrodes without mediators
title_full Electrochemical heteroarylation and amidation of alkanes using activated glassy carbon electrodes without mediators
title_fullStr Electrochemical heteroarylation and amidation of alkanes using activated glassy carbon electrodes without mediators
title_full_unstemmed Electrochemical heteroarylation and amidation of alkanes using activated glassy carbon electrodes without mediators
title_short Electrochemical heteroarylation and amidation of alkanes using activated glassy carbon electrodes without mediators
title_sort electrochemical heteroarylation and amidation of alkanes using activated glassy carbon electrodes without mediators
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-025-01494-2
work_keys_str_mv AT lorislaze electrochemicalheteroarylationandamidationofalkanesusingactivatedglassycarbonelectrodeswithoutmediators
AT josecgonzalezgomez electrochemicalheteroarylationandamidationofalkanesusingactivatedglassycarbonelectrodeswithoutmediators
AT irenebosque electrochemicalheteroarylationandamidationofalkanesusingactivatedglassycarbonelectrodeswithoutmediators