Clinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria in health facility in North-East Nigeria
Abstract Background Frequent outbreak of diphtheria occurs in Nigeria and some developing nations due to poverty, poor environmental sanitation, and vaccination coverage. Aim To determine the clinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria in cases admitted in a Yobe Specialist Hospital Potiskum, Yo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2024-11-01
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| Series: | The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-024-00372-y |
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| author | Ballah Akawu Denue Rakiya Mohammed Ngoshe Habu Abdul Cecilia Balla Akawu Mohammad Lawan Gana Anas Yusuf Hussaini Ajayi Babajide Bamidele |
| author_facet | Ballah Akawu Denue Rakiya Mohammed Ngoshe Habu Abdul Cecilia Balla Akawu Mohammad Lawan Gana Anas Yusuf Hussaini Ajayi Babajide Bamidele |
| author_sort | Ballah Akawu Denue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Frequent outbreak of diphtheria occurs in Nigeria and some developing nations due to poverty, poor environmental sanitation, and vaccination coverage. Aim To determine the clinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria in cases admitted in a Yobe Specialist Hospital Potiskum, Yobe State, North-East Nigeria. Methods This is an observational study involving consecutive cases of diphtheria admitted in diphtheria treatment unit (DTU) in the hospital. Cases were admitted from 27th May to 30th October 2023. Results A total of 640 patients were admitted with median age of 9 (1–62), with males constituting 350 (54.6%). Only 9 (1)% of patients had vaccination. Common clinical features included pseudomembrane (90.7%), fever (79.7%), neck pain (78.3%), gross cervical lymphadenopathy (GCL; 69.1%), and sore throat (44.2%). The case fatality rate was 7%, higher in < 5 years (8.4%) than 5–14 years (7.4%) and ≥ 15 years (2.2%) respectively. Independent risk for fatality included delay in presentation (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.10, 1.42], p < 0.001), vomiting (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI [1.36, 9.6], p = 0.01), bleeding from orifices (AOR = 3.76, 95% CI [5.76, 6.98], p < 0.001), blood transfusion (AOR = 8.12, 95% CI [3.34, 19.74], p < 0.001), and diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) administration (AOR = 3.17, 95% CI [1.37, 7.25], p = 0.07). Conclusion Clinical presentation was consistent with diphtheria. Risk of fatality included vomiting, bleeding from orifices, anemia necessitating blood transfusion, delay in presentation, and DAT administration. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7e08e0c4cdab4bf98c45312959b874ba |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2090-9098 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-7e08e0c4cdab4bf98c45312959b874ba2025-08-20T02:33:05ZengSpringerOpenThe Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine2090-90982024-11-013611710.1186/s43162-024-00372-yClinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria in health facility in North-East NigeriaBallah Akawu Denue0Rakiya Mohammed Ngoshe1Habu Abdul2Cecilia Balla Akawu3Mohammad Lawan Gana4Anas Yusuf Hussaini5Ajayi Babajide Bamidele6Department of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of MaiduguriDepartment of Medicine, Nile UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Yobe State UniversityDepartment of Geography, University of MaiduguriDepartment of Community Medicine, Yobe State UniversityDepartment of Physiology, University of MaiduguriDepartment of Microbiology, Federal University of TechnologyAbstract Background Frequent outbreak of diphtheria occurs in Nigeria and some developing nations due to poverty, poor environmental sanitation, and vaccination coverage. Aim To determine the clinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria in cases admitted in a Yobe Specialist Hospital Potiskum, Yobe State, North-East Nigeria. Methods This is an observational study involving consecutive cases of diphtheria admitted in diphtheria treatment unit (DTU) in the hospital. Cases were admitted from 27th May to 30th October 2023. Results A total of 640 patients were admitted with median age of 9 (1–62), with males constituting 350 (54.6%). Only 9 (1)% of patients had vaccination. Common clinical features included pseudomembrane (90.7%), fever (79.7%), neck pain (78.3%), gross cervical lymphadenopathy (GCL; 69.1%), and sore throat (44.2%). The case fatality rate was 7%, higher in < 5 years (8.4%) than 5–14 years (7.4%) and ≥ 15 years (2.2%) respectively. Independent risk for fatality included delay in presentation (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.10, 1.42], p < 0.001), vomiting (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI [1.36, 9.6], p = 0.01), bleeding from orifices (AOR = 3.76, 95% CI [5.76, 6.98], p < 0.001), blood transfusion (AOR = 8.12, 95% CI [3.34, 19.74], p < 0.001), and diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) administration (AOR = 3.17, 95% CI [1.37, 7.25], p = 0.07). Conclusion Clinical presentation was consistent with diphtheria. Risk of fatality included vomiting, bleeding from orifices, anemia necessitating blood transfusion, delay in presentation, and DAT administration.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-024-00372-yDiphtheriaClinical presentationOutcomeNorth-East Nigeria |
| spellingShingle | Ballah Akawu Denue Rakiya Mohammed Ngoshe Habu Abdul Cecilia Balla Akawu Mohammad Lawan Gana Anas Yusuf Hussaini Ajayi Babajide Bamidele Clinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria in health facility in North-East Nigeria The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine Diphtheria Clinical presentation Outcome North-East Nigeria |
| title | Clinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria in health facility in North-East Nigeria |
| title_full | Clinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria in health facility in North-East Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Clinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria in health facility in North-East Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria in health facility in North-East Nigeria |
| title_short | Clinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria in health facility in North-East Nigeria |
| title_sort | clinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria in health facility in north east nigeria |
| topic | Diphtheria Clinical presentation Outcome North-East Nigeria |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-024-00372-y |
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