Co-regulation and synteny of GFM2 and NSA2 links ribosomal function in mitochondria and the cytosol with chronic kidney disease

Abstract Background We previously reported aberrant expression of the cytosolic ribosomal biogenesis factor Nop-7-associated 2 (NSA2) in diabetic nephropathy, the latter also known to involve mitochondrial dysfunction, however the connections between NSA2, mitochondria and renal disease were unclear...

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Main Authors: Minjie Zhang, Christer Hogstrand, Paola Pontrelli, Afshan N Malik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-10-01
Series:Molecular Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-024-00930-8
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author Minjie Zhang
Christer Hogstrand
Paola Pontrelli
Afshan N Malik
author_facet Minjie Zhang
Christer Hogstrand
Paola Pontrelli
Afshan N Malik
author_sort Minjie Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background We previously reported aberrant expression of the cytosolic ribosomal biogenesis factor Nop-7-associated 2 (NSA2) in diabetic nephropathy, the latter also known to involve mitochondrial dysfunction, however the connections between NSA2, mitochondria and renal disease were unclear. In the current paper, we show that NSA2 expression is co-regulated with the GTP-dependent ribosome recycling factor mitochondrial 2 (GFM2) and provide a molecular link between cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomal biogenesis with mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Human renal tubular cells (HK-2) were cultured (+/- zinc, or 5mM/20mM glucose). mRNA levels were quantified using real-time qPCR. Transcriptomics data were retrieved and analysed from Nakagawa chronic kidney disease (CKD) Dataset (GSE66494) and Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP) ( https://atlas.kpmp.org/ ). Protein levels were determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Cellular respiration was measured using Agilent Seahorse XF Analyzer. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, Students’ t-test and Pearson correlation. Results The NSA2 gene, on human chromosome 5q13 was next to GFM2. The two genes were syntenic on opposite strands and orientation in multiple species. Their common 381 bp 5’ region contained multiple transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) including the zinc-responsive transcription factor MTF1. NSA2 and GFM2 mRNAs showed a dose-dependent increase to zinc in-vitro and were highly expressed in proximal tubular cells in renal biopsies. CKD patients showed higher renal NSA2/GFM2 expression. In HK-2 cells, hyperglycaemia led to increased expression of both genes. The total cellular protein content remained unchanged, but GFM2 upregulation resulted in increased levels of several mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits. Furthermore, increased GFM2 expression, via transient transfection or hyperglycemia, correlated with decrease cellular respiration. Conclusion The highly conserved synteny of NSA2 and GFM2, their shared 5’ region, and co-expression in-vitro and in CKD, shows they are co-regulated. Increased GFM2 affects mitochondrial function with a disconnect between an increase in certain mitochondrial respiratory proteins but a decrease in cellular respiration. These data link the regulation of 2 highly conserved genes, NSA2 and GFM2, connected to ribosomes in two different cellular compartments, cytosol and mitochondria, to kidney disease and shows that their dysregulation may be involved in mitochondrial dysfunction.
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spelling doaj-art-7e08de0f74b64767b33c5535ab704ad22025-08-20T02:17:46ZengBMCMolecular Medicine1528-36582024-10-0130111610.1186/s10020-024-00930-8Co-regulation and synteny of GFM2 and NSA2 links ribosomal function in mitochondria and the cytosol with chronic kidney diseaseMinjie Zhang0Christer Hogstrand1Paola Pontrelli2Afshan N Malik3Diabetes & Obesity, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolic Sciences, King’s College LondonAnalytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College LondonDepartment of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari Aldo MoroDiabetes & Obesity, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolic Sciences, King’s College LondonAbstract Background We previously reported aberrant expression of the cytosolic ribosomal biogenesis factor Nop-7-associated 2 (NSA2) in diabetic nephropathy, the latter also known to involve mitochondrial dysfunction, however the connections between NSA2, mitochondria and renal disease were unclear. In the current paper, we show that NSA2 expression is co-regulated with the GTP-dependent ribosome recycling factor mitochondrial 2 (GFM2) and provide a molecular link between cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomal biogenesis with mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Human renal tubular cells (HK-2) were cultured (+/- zinc, or 5mM/20mM glucose). mRNA levels were quantified using real-time qPCR. Transcriptomics data were retrieved and analysed from Nakagawa chronic kidney disease (CKD) Dataset (GSE66494) and Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP) ( https://atlas.kpmp.org/ ). Protein levels were determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Cellular respiration was measured using Agilent Seahorse XF Analyzer. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, Students’ t-test and Pearson correlation. Results The NSA2 gene, on human chromosome 5q13 was next to GFM2. The two genes were syntenic on opposite strands and orientation in multiple species. Their common 381 bp 5’ region contained multiple transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) including the zinc-responsive transcription factor MTF1. NSA2 and GFM2 mRNAs showed a dose-dependent increase to zinc in-vitro and were highly expressed in proximal tubular cells in renal biopsies. CKD patients showed higher renal NSA2/GFM2 expression. In HK-2 cells, hyperglycaemia led to increased expression of both genes. The total cellular protein content remained unchanged, but GFM2 upregulation resulted in increased levels of several mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits. Furthermore, increased GFM2 expression, via transient transfection or hyperglycemia, correlated with decrease cellular respiration. Conclusion The highly conserved synteny of NSA2 and GFM2, their shared 5’ region, and co-expression in-vitro and in CKD, shows they are co-regulated. Increased GFM2 affects mitochondrial function with a disconnect between an increase in certain mitochondrial respiratory proteins but a decrease in cellular respiration. These data link the regulation of 2 highly conserved genes, NSA2 and GFM2, connected to ribosomes in two different cellular compartments, cytosol and mitochondria, to kidney disease and shows that their dysregulation may be involved in mitochondrial dysfunction.https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-024-00930-8NSA2Ribosome biogenesisProtein synthesisMitochondriaGene expression, diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, mitochondrial dysfunction
spellingShingle Minjie Zhang
Christer Hogstrand
Paola Pontrelli
Afshan N Malik
Co-regulation and synteny of GFM2 and NSA2 links ribosomal function in mitochondria and the cytosol with chronic kidney disease
Molecular Medicine
NSA2
Ribosome biogenesis
Protein synthesis
Mitochondria
Gene expression, diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, mitochondrial dysfunction
title Co-regulation and synteny of GFM2 and NSA2 links ribosomal function in mitochondria and the cytosol with chronic kidney disease
title_full Co-regulation and synteny of GFM2 and NSA2 links ribosomal function in mitochondria and the cytosol with chronic kidney disease
title_fullStr Co-regulation and synteny of GFM2 and NSA2 links ribosomal function in mitochondria and the cytosol with chronic kidney disease
title_full_unstemmed Co-regulation and synteny of GFM2 and NSA2 links ribosomal function in mitochondria and the cytosol with chronic kidney disease
title_short Co-regulation and synteny of GFM2 and NSA2 links ribosomal function in mitochondria and the cytosol with chronic kidney disease
title_sort co regulation and synteny of gfm2 and nsa2 links ribosomal function in mitochondria and the cytosol with chronic kidney disease
topic NSA2
Ribosome biogenesis
Protein synthesis
Mitochondria
Gene expression, diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, mitochondrial dysfunction
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-024-00930-8
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