Decomposition rate and property changes of deadwood across an altitudinal gradient: a case study in the Babia Góra Massif, Poland

Abstract The decomposition of deadwood is a key process in the biogeochemical cycle of forests, affecting water retention, soil structure and biodiversity. The aim of this study is to understand how the rate of deadwood decomposition changes depending on the location in the altitude gradient in moun...

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Main Authors: Adam Górski, Ewa Błońska, Jarosław Lasota
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14019-7
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author Adam Górski
Ewa Błońska
Jarosław Lasota
author_facet Adam Górski
Ewa Błońska
Jarosław Lasota
author_sort Adam Górski
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The decomposition of deadwood is a key process in the biogeochemical cycle of forests, affecting water retention, soil structure and biodiversity. The aim of this study is to understand how the rate of deadwood decomposition changes depending on the location in the altitude gradient in mountain forest ecosystems. Additionally, the study investigates how the physical properties of wood vary with elevation. The experiment was conducted on the slopes of the Babia Góra Massif, where wood samples of four species (beech, fir, spruce, maple) were placed at three altitudes (800, 1000 and 1200 m above sea level). After 30 months, laboratory analyses were carried out on the density, porosity, mass loss and hydrophobicity of wood. In the case of coniferous wood (spruce and fir), the decomposition process proceeded at a similar rate across all altitudes, but more slowly compared to deciduous species. In contrast, hardwood decomposed more rapidly at lower altitudes, likely due to higher temperatures, greater microbial activity, and soil conditions more favorable to hardwood-decaying organisms. Wood decomposition led to a decrease in density and an increase in porosity, and hydrophobicity increased with altitude. The study provides new data on the dynamics of wood decomposition in the context of changing thermal and moisture conditions. The results can be used in conservation and management strategies for mountain forests.
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spelling doaj-art-7dfc4fbeed204f8abc21f18cf77ff7482025-08-20T03:04:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-011511810.1038/s41598-025-14019-7Decomposition rate and property changes of deadwood across an altitudinal gradient: a case study in the Babia Góra Massif, PolandAdam Górski0Ewa Błońska1Jarosław Lasota2Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in KrakowDepartment of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in KrakowDepartment of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in KrakowAbstract The decomposition of deadwood is a key process in the biogeochemical cycle of forests, affecting water retention, soil structure and biodiversity. The aim of this study is to understand how the rate of deadwood decomposition changes depending on the location in the altitude gradient in mountain forest ecosystems. Additionally, the study investigates how the physical properties of wood vary with elevation. The experiment was conducted on the slopes of the Babia Góra Massif, where wood samples of four species (beech, fir, spruce, maple) were placed at three altitudes (800, 1000 and 1200 m above sea level). After 30 months, laboratory analyses were carried out on the density, porosity, mass loss and hydrophobicity of wood. In the case of coniferous wood (spruce and fir), the decomposition process proceeded at a similar rate across all altitudes, but more slowly compared to deciduous species. In contrast, hardwood decomposed more rapidly at lower altitudes, likely due to higher temperatures, greater microbial activity, and soil conditions more favorable to hardwood-decaying organisms. Wood decomposition led to a decrease in density and an increase in porosity, and hydrophobicity increased with altitude. The study provides new data on the dynamics of wood decomposition in the context of changing thermal and moisture conditions. The results can be used in conservation and management strategies for mountain forests.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14019-7Vertical zonationDecomposition processForest ecosystemsWater repellencyWoody debris
spellingShingle Adam Górski
Ewa Błońska
Jarosław Lasota
Decomposition rate and property changes of deadwood across an altitudinal gradient: a case study in the Babia Góra Massif, Poland
Scientific Reports
Vertical zonation
Decomposition process
Forest ecosystems
Water repellency
Woody debris
title Decomposition rate and property changes of deadwood across an altitudinal gradient: a case study in the Babia Góra Massif, Poland
title_full Decomposition rate and property changes of deadwood across an altitudinal gradient: a case study in the Babia Góra Massif, Poland
title_fullStr Decomposition rate and property changes of deadwood across an altitudinal gradient: a case study in the Babia Góra Massif, Poland
title_full_unstemmed Decomposition rate and property changes of deadwood across an altitudinal gradient: a case study in the Babia Góra Massif, Poland
title_short Decomposition rate and property changes of deadwood across an altitudinal gradient: a case study in the Babia Góra Massif, Poland
title_sort decomposition rate and property changes of deadwood across an altitudinal gradient a case study in the babia gora massif poland
topic Vertical zonation
Decomposition process
Forest ecosystems
Water repellency
Woody debris
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14019-7
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