Antimicrobial effect of natural kinds of toothpaste on oral pathogenic bacteria

Introduction: Because of the adverse effects on human health of some antimicrobial ingredients in traditional toothpaste, consumers are increasingly turning to toothpastes with natural ingredients. This study evaluates the antimicrobial effect of toothpastes containing different natural active agen...

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Main Authors: Serdar Demir, Gul Keskin, Nese Akal, Yasemin Zer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2021-10-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/14966
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author Serdar Demir
Gul Keskin
Nese Akal
Yasemin Zer
author_facet Serdar Demir
Gul Keskin
Nese Akal
Yasemin Zer
author_sort Serdar Demir
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Because of the adverse effects on human health of some antimicrobial ingredients in traditional toothpaste, consumers are increasingly turning to toothpastes with natural ingredients. This study evaluates the antimicrobial effect of toothpastes containing different natural active agents against three oral pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Methodology: This study tested one traditional toothpaste and seven different natural toothpastes containing theobromine, aloe vera, miswak, propolis, chitosan, enzymes and probiotics. The agar-well diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial effect. Inhibition zones formed around toothpastes after 24 hours of incubation were measured and the data collected were statistically analyzed. Results: Toothpastes containing theobromine and chitosan and the traditional toothpaste showed antimicrobial efficacy for all tested bacteria. Toothpastes containing aloe vera, miswak, and propolis were only effective on S. mutans, while toothpastes containing probiotics and enzymes did not show any antimicrobial effect on the bacteria. Among toothpastes with natural ingredients, the theobromine-containing toothpaste showed the highest efficacy on S. mutans, while the aloe vera- and propolis-containing toothpastes had the lowest efficacy (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Theobromine- and chitosan-containing toothpastes, which showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria, can be recommended as alternatives to traditional toothpastes.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2021-10-01
publisher The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-7df932bac1e84d74a6aeee36bb6735f22025-08-20T03:52:39ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802021-10-01151010.3855/jidc.14966Antimicrobial effect of natural kinds of toothpaste on oral pathogenic bacteriaSerdar Demir0Gul Keskin1Nese Akal2Yasemin Zer3Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, TurkeyDepartment of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, TurkeyDepartment of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey Introduction: Because of the adverse effects on human health of some antimicrobial ingredients in traditional toothpaste, consumers are increasingly turning to toothpastes with natural ingredients. This study evaluates the antimicrobial effect of toothpastes containing different natural active agents against three oral pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Methodology: This study tested one traditional toothpaste and seven different natural toothpastes containing theobromine, aloe vera, miswak, propolis, chitosan, enzymes and probiotics. The agar-well diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial effect. Inhibition zones formed around toothpastes after 24 hours of incubation were measured and the data collected were statistically analyzed. Results: Toothpastes containing theobromine and chitosan and the traditional toothpaste showed antimicrobial efficacy for all tested bacteria. Toothpastes containing aloe vera, miswak, and propolis were only effective on S. mutans, while toothpastes containing probiotics and enzymes did not show any antimicrobial effect on the bacteria. Among toothpastes with natural ingredients, the theobromine-containing toothpaste showed the highest efficacy on S. mutans, while the aloe vera- and propolis-containing toothpastes had the lowest efficacy (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Theobromine- and chitosan-containing toothpastes, which showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria, can be recommended as alternatives to traditional toothpastes. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/14966ToothpasteStreptococcus mutansStreptococcus sanguinisEnterococcus faecalisantimicrobial effect
spellingShingle Serdar Demir
Gul Keskin
Nese Akal
Yasemin Zer
Antimicrobial effect of natural kinds of toothpaste on oral pathogenic bacteria
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Toothpaste
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus sanguinis
Enterococcus faecalis
antimicrobial effect
title Antimicrobial effect of natural kinds of toothpaste on oral pathogenic bacteria
title_full Antimicrobial effect of natural kinds of toothpaste on oral pathogenic bacteria
title_fullStr Antimicrobial effect of natural kinds of toothpaste on oral pathogenic bacteria
title_full_unstemmed Antimicrobial effect of natural kinds of toothpaste on oral pathogenic bacteria
title_short Antimicrobial effect of natural kinds of toothpaste on oral pathogenic bacteria
title_sort antimicrobial effect of natural kinds of toothpaste on oral pathogenic bacteria
topic Toothpaste
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus sanguinis
Enterococcus faecalis
antimicrobial effect
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/14966
work_keys_str_mv AT serdardemir antimicrobialeffectofnaturalkindsoftoothpasteonoralpathogenicbacteria
AT gulkeskin antimicrobialeffectofnaturalkindsoftoothpasteonoralpathogenicbacteria
AT neseakal antimicrobialeffectofnaturalkindsoftoothpasteonoralpathogenicbacteria
AT yaseminzer antimicrobialeffectofnaturalkindsoftoothpasteonoralpathogenicbacteria