Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Determinants in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Their Households: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Iran in 2024
ABSTRACT Background Ischemic heart diseases can lead to significant healthcare costs for patients due to their chronic and debilitating nature. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence and causes of exorbitant healthcare expenses faced by individuals with ischemic heart di...
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Wiley
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71082 |
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| author | Mohammad Ali Laali Dehaghi Sayed Saeed Kassaeian Elahe Jandaghi Farid Gharibi |
| author_facet | Mohammad Ali Laali Dehaghi Sayed Saeed Kassaeian Elahe Jandaghi Farid Gharibi |
| author_sort | Mohammad Ali Laali Dehaghi |
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| description | ABSTRACT Background Ischemic heart diseases can lead to significant healthcare costs for patients due to their chronic and debilitating nature. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence and causes of exorbitant healthcare expenses faced by individuals with ischemic heart disease and their households in Semnan in 2024. Methods This cross‐sectional study included a cohort of 400 individuals diagnosed with angina and myocardial infarction who had received medical treatment for a minimum of 1 year. The data were collected using a researcher‐made questionnaire with content validity scores of 0.87 and 0.92 for the CVR (Content Validity Ratio) and CVI (Content Validity Index), respectively. The catastrophic healthcare costs were determined by evaluating the expenses incurred by patients and their households, and their annual income. This was done using a model that allocates 40% of nonfood household expenses to healthcare. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the statistical associations between demographic and contextual characteristics and the occurrence of catastrophic healthcare costs. Results The study reveals that patients and their households spend an average of 106,210,000 IRR (286.45 USD) annually on healthcare. Out of this amount, 80% is devoted to medical services, 16% to diagnostic services, and 4% to visits to different healthcare providers. Their mean yearly earnings amount to 1,061,430,000 IRR (2,862.72 USD), of which 297,580,000 IRR (802.58 USD) are allocated to nonfood expenditures. The mean proportion of direct medical expenses from nonfood household spending is 0.87 ( ± 1.50), and 46% of patients experience catastrophic healthcare costs. Significant statistical connections were observed between age, marital status, education, occupation, type of cardiac discomfort, duration of symptoms, initial diagnosis, and patient monitoring with catastrophic healthcare costs. Conclusions Numerous demographic and contextual factors contribute to the incredibly high frequency of catastrophic healthcare costs among the patients and their households that were evaluated. Consequently, it is crucial to address this condition by conducting focused measures. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2398-8835 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Health Science Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-7df779badd0446878b1625f2cb86e2d62025-08-20T04:02:06ZengWileyHealth Science Reports2398-88352025-07-0187n/an/a10.1002/hsr2.71082Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Determinants in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Their Households: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Iran in 2024Mohammad Ali Laali Dehaghi0Sayed Saeed Kassaeian1Elahe Jandaghi2Farid Gharibi3School of Medicine Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan IranDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medicine Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan IranDepartment of Internal Medicine Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan IranSocial Determinants of Health Research Center Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan IranABSTRACT Background Ischemic heart diseases can lead to significant healthcare costs for patients due to their chronic and debilitating nature. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence and causes of exorbitant healthcare expenses faced by individuals with ischemic heart disease and their households in Semnan in 2024. Methods This cross‐sectional study included a cohort of 400 individuals diagnosed with angina and myocardial infarction who had received medical treatment for a minimum of 1 year. The data were collected using a researcher‐made questionnaire with content validity scores of 0.87 and 0.92 for the CVR (Content Validity Ratio) and CVI (Content Validity Index), respectively. The catastrophic healthcare costs were determined by evaluating the expenses incurred by patients and their households, and their annual income. This was done using a model that allocates 40% of nonfood household expenses to healthcare. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the statistical associations between demographic and contextual characteristics and the occurrence of catastrophic healthcare costs. Results The study reveals that patients and their households spend an average of 106,210,000 IRR (286.45 USD) annually on healthcare. Out of this amount, 80% is devoted to medical services, 16% to diagnostic services, and 4% to visits to different healthcare providers. Their mean yearly earnings amount to 1,061,430,000 IRR (2,862.72 USD), of which 297,580,000 IRR (802.58 USD) are allocated to nonfood expenditures. The mean proportion of direct medical expenses from nonfood household spending is 0.87 ( ± 1.50), and 46% of patients experience catastrophic healthcare costs. Significant statistical connections were observed between age, marital status, education, occupation, type of cardiac discomfort, duration of symptoms, initial diagnosis, and patient monitoring with catastrophic healthcare costs. Conclusions Numerous demographic and contextual factors contribute to the incredibly high frequency of catastrophic healthcare costs among the patients and their households that were evaluated. Consequently, it is crucial to address this condition by conducting focused measures.https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71082catastrophic healthcare costfinancial accessibilityischemic cardiovascular diseasesnon‐communicable diseases |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Ali Laali Dehaghi Sayed Saeed Kassaeian Elahe Jandaghi Farid Gharibi Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Determinants in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Their Households: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Iran in 2024 Health Science Reports catastrophic healthcare cost financial accessibility ischemic cardiovascular diseases non‐communicable diseases |
| title | Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Determinants in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Their Households: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Iran in 2024 |
| title_full | Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Determinants in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Their Households: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Iran in 2024 |
| title_fullStr | Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Determinants in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Their Households: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Iran in 2024 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Determinants in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Their Households: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Iran in 2024 |
| title_short | Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Determinants in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Their Households: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Iran in 2024 |
| title_sort | catastrophic health expenditure and its determinants in patients with ischemic heart disease and their households a cross sectional study from iran in 2024 |
| topic | catastrophic healthcare cost financial accessibility ischemic cardiovascular diseases non‐communicable diseases |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71082 |
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