X-Ray Spectra of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries with Returning Radiation
In the disk–corona model, the X-ray spectrum of a stellar-mass black hole in an X-ray binary is characterized by three components: a thermal component from a thin and cold accretion disk, a Comptonized component from a hot corona, and a reflection component produced by illumination of the cold disk...
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8a63 |
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| author | Temurbek Mirzaev Cosimo Bambi Askar B. Abdikamalov Jiachen Jiang Honghui Liu Shafqat Riaz Swarnim Shashank |
| author_facet | Temurbek Mirzaev Cosimo Bambi Askar B. Abdikamalov Jiachen Jiang Honghui Liu Shafqat Riaz Swarnim Shashank |
| author_sort | Temurbek Mirzaev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the disk–corona model, the X-ray spectrum of a stellar-mass black hole in an X-ray binary is characterized by three components: a thermal component from a thin and cold accretion disk, a Comptonized component from a hot corona, and a reflection component produced by illumination of the cold disk by the hot corona. In this paper, we assume a lamppost corona, and we improve previous calculations of the X-ray spectrum of black hole X-ray binaries. The reflection spectrum is produced by the direct radiation from the corona as well as by the returning radiation of the thermal and reflection components and is calculated considering the actual spectrum illuminating the disk. If we turn the corona off, the reflection spectrum is completely generated by the returning radiation of the thermal component, as it may happen for some sources in soft spectral states. After choosing the radial density profile of the accretion disk, the ionization parameter is calculated self-consistently at any radial coordinate of the disk from the illuminating X-ray flux and the local electron density. We show the predictions of our model in different regimes, and we discuss its current limitations as well as the next steps to improve it. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7df30c731e2b457294ea4d23e696c45a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-7df30c731e2b457294ea4d23e696c45a2025-08-20T01:53:33ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-01976222910.3847/1538-4357/ad8a63X-Ray Spectra of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries with Returning RadiationTemurbek Mirzaev0Cosimo Bambi1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-9502Askar B. Abdikamalov2Jiachen Jiang3Honghui Liu4Shafqat Riaz5Swarnim Shashank6Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China ; bambi@fudan.edu.cnCenter for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China ; bambi@fudan.edu.cn; School of Natural Sciences and Humanities, New Uzbekistan University , Tashkent 100007, UzbekistanCenter for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China ; bambi@fudan.edu.cn; School of Natural Sciences and Humanities, New Uzbekistan University , Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan; Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute , Tashkent 100052, UzbekistanInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK; Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKCenter for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China ; bambi@fudan.edu.cn; Institut für Astronomie and Astrophysik, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen , D-72076 Tübingen, GermanyInstitut für Astronomie and Astrophysik, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen , D-72076 Tübingen, GermanyCenter for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China ; bambi@fudan.edu.cnIn the disk–corona model, the X-ray spectrum of a stellar-mass black hole in an X-ray binary is characterized by three components: a thermal component from a thin and cold accretion disk, a Comptonized component from a hot corona, and a reflection component produced by illumination of the cold disk by the hot corona. In this paper, we assume a lamppost corona, and we improve previous calculations of the X-ray spectrum of black hole X-ray binaries. The reflection spectrum is produced by the direct radiation from the corona as well as by the returning radiation of the thermal and reflection components and is calculated considering the actual spectrum illuminating the disk. If we turn the corona off, the reflection spectrum is completely generated by the returning radiation of the thermal component, as it may happen for some sources in soft spectral states. After choosing the radial density profile of the accretion disk, the ionization parameter is calculated self-consistently at any radial coordinate of the disk from the illuminating X-ray flux and the local electron density. We show the predictions of our model in different regimes, and we discuss its current limitations as well as the next steps to improve it.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8a63X-ray astronomyX-ray binary starsAstrophysical black holesStellar mass black holesAccretion |
| spellingShingle | Temurbek Mirzaev Cosimo Bambi Askar B. Abdikamalov Jiachen Jiang Honghui Liu Shafqat Riaz Swarnim Shashank X-Ray Spectra of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries with Returning Radiation The Astrophysical Journal X-ray astronomy X-ray binary stars Astrophysical black holes Stellar mass black holes Accretion |
| title | X-Ray Spectra of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries with Returning Radiation |
| title_full | X-Ray Spectra of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries with Returning Radiation |
| title_fullStr | X-Ray Spectra of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries with Returning Radiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | X-Ray Spectra of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries with Returning Radiation |
| title_short | X-Ray Spectra of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries with Returning Radiation |
| title_sort | x ray spectra of black hole x ray binaries with returning radiation |
| topic | X-ray astronomy X-ray binary stars Astrophysical black holes Stellar mass black holes Accretion |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8a63 |
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