Influence of Ice Fragments on the Scraping Effect of Rock–Ice Avalanches: Insights from Physical Model Experiments

Research on the scraping effects of rock–ice avalanches remains relatively limited. This study investigates the evolution of rock–ice avalanches with varying ice content and initial accumulation forms during motion, scraping, and deposition using laboratory physical model experiments. Changes in pre...

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Main Authors: Ziyi Lin, Zhouyi Li, Shuang Luo, Miao Huo, Ping Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11473
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author Ziyi Lin
Zhouyi Li
Shuang Luo
Miao Huo
Ping Yang
author_facet Ziyi Lin
Zhouyi Li
Shuang Luo
Miao Huo
Ping Yang
author_sort Ziyi Lin
collection DOAJ
description Research on the scraping effects of rock–ice avalanches remains relatively limited. This study investigates the evolution of rock–ice avalanches with varying ice content and initial accumulation forms during motion, scraping, and deposition using laboratory physical model experiments. Changes in pre- scraping velocity, scraping length, scraping depth, maximum deposition length, and deposition thickness were analyzed as functions of ice content. The analysis revealed the influence of ice content and initial accumulation on scraping effects, as well as on motion and deposition characteristics. The experimental results indicate that, compared to typical debris flows (without ice), the presence of ice significantly enhances the mobility, deposition features, and scraping effects of rock–ice avalanches. Through analysis, it is shown that the low friction of ice debris enhances the kinetic energy of ice-rock debris flows, thereby increasing the energy required for scraping.
format Article
id doaj-art-7dc60ded4ac84db1aa58cadfd4bd9cc6
institution DOAJ
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-7dc60ded4ac84db1aa58cadfd4bd9cc62025-08-20T02:55:42ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-12-0114241147310.3390/app142411473Influence of Ice Fragments on the Scraping Effect of Rock–Ice Avalanches: Insights from Physical Model ExperimentsZiyi Lin0Zhouyi Li1Shuang Luo2Miao Huo3Ping Yang4College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, ChinaResearch on the scraping effects of rock–ice avalanches remains relatively limited. This study investigates the evolution of rock–ice avalanches with varying ice content and initial accumulation forms during motion, scraping, and deposition using laboratory physical model experiments. Changes in pre- scraping velocity, scraping length, scraping depth, maximum deposition length, and deposition thickness were analyzed as functions of ice content. The analysis revealed the influence of ice content and initial accumulation on scraping effects, as well as on motion and deposition characteristics. The experimental results indicate that, compared to typical debris flows (without ice), the presence of ice significantly enhances the mobility, deposition features, and scraping effects of rock–ice avalanches. Through analysis, it is shown that the low friction of ice debris enhances the kinetic energy of ice-rock debris flows, thereby increasing the energy required for scraping.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11473rock–ice avalanchesphysical model experimentsice contentinitial accumulation formsscraping effect
spellingShingle Ziyi Lin
Zhouyi Li
Shuang Luo
Miao Huo
Ping Yang
Influence of Ice Fragments on the Scraping Effect of Rock–Ice Avalanches: Insights from Physical Model Experiments
Applied Sciences
rock–ice avalanches
physical model experiments
ice content
initial accumulation forms
scraping effect
title Influence of Ice Fragments on the Scraping Effect of Rock–Ice Avalanches: Insights from Physical Model Experiments
title_full Influence of Ice Fragments on the Scraping Effect of Rock–Ice Avalanches: Insights from Physical Model Experiments
title_fullStr Influence of Ice Fragments on the Scraping Effect of Rock–Ice Avalanches: Insights from Physical Model Experiments
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Ice Fragments on the Scraping Effect of Rock–Ice Avalanches: Insights from Physical Model Experiments
title_short Influence of Ice Fragments on the Scraping Effect of Rock–Ice Avalanches: Insights from Physical Model Experiments
title_sort influence of ice fragments on the scraping effect of rock ice avalanches insights from physical model experiments
topic rock–ice avalanches
physical model experiments
ice content
initial accumulation forms
scraping effect
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11473
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AT zhouyili influenceoficefragmentsonthescrapingeffectofrockiceavalanchesinsightsfromphysicalmodelexperiments
AT shuangluo influenceoficefragmentsonthescrapingeffectofrockiceavalanchesinsightsfromphysicalmodelexperiments
AT miaohuo influenceoficefragmentsonthescrapingeffectofrockiceavalanchesinsightsfromphysicalmodelexperiments
AT pingyang influenceoficefragmentsonthescrapingeffectofrockiceavalanchesinsightsfromphysicalmodelexperiments