Influence of Insulin Pen Needle Geometry on Pain Perception and Patient’s Acceptability: A Review
Diabetes is one of the most common diseases worldwide, with an increasing number of people affected. Insulin therapy is still the major treatment for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and has evolved from bulky syringes to modern insulin pens introduced in 1985. An insulin pen consists of three major...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| author | Francesca De Tommasi Sergio Silvestri |
| author_facet | Francesca De Tommasi Sergio Silvestri |
| author_sort | Francesca De Tommasi |
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| description | Diabetes is one of the most common diseases worldwide, with an increasing number of people affected. Insulin therapy is still the major treatment for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and has evolved from bulky syringes to modern insulin pens introduced in 1985. An insulin pen consists of three major parts: a cartridge, a single-use pen needle (PN), and a precision dosing mechanism. Initially, PNs were long and thick, causing great discomfort and concern. Thanks to advances in design, shorter and thinner needles have appeared on the market, improving patient acceptability and pain perception. Studies highlight the influence of PN geometry and other characteristics on injection-related pain, including length, diameter, bevel design, and hub. Despite a lack of specific international regulations for PN geometry, scientific publications have focused on exploring different PNs’ characteristics to optimize patient comfort and reduce pain. To guide the selection of suitable PNs, this review provides a round-up of literature research findings on the impact of PN geometry on pain perception and patient acceptability. Specifically, it provides an overview of the PN manufacturing process, current international regulations, and the state-of-the-art research on PN geometry affecting pain perception. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7db25316adbe41c3bf45fff0ac6263d4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-7db25316adbe41c3bf45fff0ac6263d42025-08-20T02:04:41ZengMDPI AGTechnologies2227-70802024-11-01121123310.3390/technologies12110233Influence of Insulin Pen Needle Geometry on Pain Perception and Patient’s Acceptability: A ReviewFrancesca De Tommasi0Sergio Silvestri1Unit of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, ItalyUnit of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, ItalyDiabetes is one of the most common diseases worldwide, with an increasing number of people affected. Insulin therapy is still the major treatment for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and has evolved from bulky syringes to modern insulin pens introduced in 1985. An insulin pen consists of three major parts: a cartridge, a single-use pen needle (PN), and a precision dosing mechanism. Initially, PNs were long and thick, causing great discomfort and concern. Thanks to advances in design, shorter and thinner needles have appeared on the market, improving patient acceptability and pain perception. Studies highlight the influence of PN geometry and other characteristics on injection-related pain, including length, diameter, bevel design, and hub. Despite a lack of specific international regulations for PN geometry, scientific publications have focused on exploring different PNs’ characteristics to optimize patient comfort and reduce pain. To guide the selection of suitable PNs, this review provides a round-up of literature research findings on the impact of PN geometry on pain perception and patient acceptability. Specifically, it provides an overview of the PN manufacturing process, current international regulations, and the state-of-the-art research on PN geometry affecting pain perception.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/12/11/233diabetesinjection-related paininsulin therapypen needles |
| spellingShingle | Francesca De Tommasi Sergio Silvestri Influence of Insulin Pen Needle Geometry on Pain Perception and Patient’s Acceptability: A Review Technologies diabetes injection-related pain insulin therapy pen needles |
| title | Influence of Insulin Pen Needle Geometry on Pain Perception and Patient’s Acceptability: A Review |
| title_full | Influence of Insulin Pen Needle Geometry on Pain Perception and Patient’s Acceptability: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Insulin Pen Needle Geometry on Pain Perception and Patient’s Acceptability: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Insulin Pen Needle Geometry on Pain Perception and Patient’s Acceptability: A Review |
| title_short | Influence of Insulin Pen Needle Geometry on Pain Perception and Patient’s Acceptability: A Review |
| title_sort | influence of insulin pen needle geometry on pain perception and patient s acceptability a review |
| topic | diabetes injection-related pain insulin therapy pen needles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/12/11/233 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT francescadetommasi influenceofinsulinpenneedlegeometryonpainperceptionandpatientsacceptabilityareview AT sergiosilvestri influenceofinsulinpenneedlegeometryonpainperceptionandpatientsacceptabilityareview |