Deep learning based energy-efficient transmission control for STAR-RIS aided cell-free massive MIMO networks

Recently, the simultaneous transmitting and reflecting (STAR) reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been gaining attention as a key enabler for sixth-generation networks, providing additional links with reduction in power consumption. This paper investigates the STAR-RIS’s potential in a cell...

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Main Authors: Chihyun Song, Donghyun Lee, Yunseong Lee, Wonjong Noh, Sungrae Cho
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:ICT Express
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959525000116
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author Chihyun Song
Donghyun Lee
Yunseong Lee
Wonjong Noh
Sungrae Cho
author_facet Chihyun Song
Donghyun Lee
Yunseong Lee
Wonjong Noh
Sungrae Cho
author_sort Chihyun Song
collection DOAJ
description Recently, the simultaneous transmitting and reflecting (STAR) reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been gaining attention as a key enabler for sixth-generation networks, providing additional links with reduction in power consumption. This paper investigates the STAR-RIS’s potential in a cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) network, where distributed APs serve user over the same time/frequency. We propose a deep deterministic policy gradient framework satisfying system-specific and per-user spectral efficiency constraints, exploiting a post-normalization and a penalized reward. From the simulations, it is revealed the proposed algorithm provides better energy performance than benchmarks, highlighting the benefits of STAR-RIS in the CF network.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2405-9595
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series ICT Express
spelling doaj-art-7dae2fad15cd469687bc0b33deab4fb62025-08-20T03:44:27ZengElsevierICT Express2405-95952025-04-0111234134710.1016/j.icte.2025.02.001Deep learning based energy-efficient transmission control for STAR-RIS aided cell-free massive MIMO networksChihyun Song0Donghyun Lee1Yunseong Lee2Wonjong Noh3Sungrae Cho4School of Computer Science and Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South KoreaSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South KoreaSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South KoreaSchool of Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea; Corresponding authors.School of Computer Science and Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea; Corresponding authors.Recently, the simultaneous transmitting and reflecting (STAR) reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been gaining attention as a key enabler for sixth-generation networks, providing additional links with reduction in power consumption. This paper investigates the STAR-RIS’s potential in a cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) network, where distributed APs serve user over the same time/frequency. We propose a deep deterministic policy gradient framework satisfying system-specific and per-user spectral efficiency constraints, exploiting a post-normalization and a penalized reward. From the simulations, it is revealed the proposed algorithm provides better energy performance than benchmarks, highlighting the benefits of STAR-RIS in the CF network.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959525000116Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-outputDeep reinforcement learningEnergy efficiencySimultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface
spellingShingle Chihyun Song
Donghyun Lee
Yunseong Lee
Wonjong Noh
Sungrae Cho
Deep learning based energy-efficient transmission control for STAR-RIS aided cell-free massive MIMO networks
ICT Express
Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output
Deep reinforcement learning
Energy efficiency
Simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface
title Deep learning based energy-efficient transmission control for STAR-RIS aided cell-free massive MIMO networks
title_full Deep learning based energy-efficient transmission control for STAR-RIS aided cell-free massive MIMO networks
title_fullStr Deep learning based energy-efficient transmission control for STAR-RIS aided cell-free massive MIMO networks
title_full_unstemmed Deep learning based energy-efficient transmission control for STAR-RIS aided cell-free massive MIMO networks
title_short Deep learning based energy-efficient transmission control for STAR-RIS aided cell-free massive MIMO networks
title_sort deep learning based energy efficient transmission control for star ris aided cell free massive mimo networks
topic Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output
Deep reinforcement learning
Energy efficiency
Simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959525000116
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