“Spin‐Rinse and Repeat”: Facile Processing to Improve Cytocompatibility of Poly(3,4‐Ethyelenedioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate Composites for Bioelectronics
Conductive polymers, such as poly(3,4‐ethyelenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), offer exciting prospects in organic bioelectronic applications. Translation of commercially available formulations of PEDOT:PSS is hampered by leachable contaminants. Herein, a facile processing techniq...
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Wiley-VCH
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Advanced NanoBiomed Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202400149 |
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| author | Joshua Killilea Aaron Lee Estelle A. Cuttaz Giovanni Carlo Miceli Leire L. Suquia Josef A. Goding Christopher A. R. Chapman Rylie A. Green |
| author_facet | Joshua Killilea Aaron Lee Estelle A. Cuttaz Giovanni Carlo Miceli Leire L. Suquia Josef A. Goding Christopher A. R. Chapman Rylie A. Green |
| author_sort | Joshua Killilea |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Conductive polymers, such as poly(3,4‐ethyelenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), offer exciting prospects in organic bioelectronic applications. Translation of commercially available formulations of PEDOT:PSS is hampered by leachable contaminants. Herein, a facile processing technique utilizing differences in polymer–solvent affinity and centrifugation of poor dispersions of PEDOT:PSS to remove leachable components is presented. 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the centrifugation supernatant identifies PSS as the most abundant impurity removed. To demonstrate versatility and applicability to bioelectronic applications, centrifuged PEDOT:PSS is blended with medical grade polyurethane. Bulk composite swelling and degradation are largely unaltered, and the electrochemical performance of the composite is not significantly compromised. Marked improvement in cytocompatibility is only observed in composites fabricated using centrifugation, indicating that soluble components such as PSS contribute significantly to cytotoxicity. Removal of excess PSS improves the ability of these polymer systems to act as drug delivery vehicles as evidenced by differences in chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin following electrophoretic release. It is demonstrated that excess PSS in commercial formulations can exert significant cytotoxicity, and its reduction can produce cytocompatible PEDOT:PSS materials for use across a wide spectrum of bioelectronic applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7daacefa08ea489f805269fc0e5f4bad |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2699-9307 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced NanoBiomed Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-7daacefa08ea489f805269fc0e5f4bad2025-08-20T03:53:06ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced NanoBiomed Research2699-93072025-05-0155n/an/a10.1002/anbr.202400149“Spin‐Rinse and Repeat”: Facile Processing to Improve Cytocompatibility of Poly(3,4‐Ethyelenedioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate Composites for BioelectronicsJoshua Killilea0Aaron Lee1Estelle A. Cuttaz2Giovanni Carlo Miceli3Leire L. Suquia4Josef A. Goding5Christopher A. R. Chapman6Rylie A. Green7Faculty of Medicine Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington London SW7 2AZ UKDepartment of Bioengineering Bessemer BuildingSouth Kensington Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UKDepartment of Bioengineering Bessemer BuildingSouth Kensington Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UKDepartment of Bioengineering Bessemer BuildingSouth Kensington Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UKDepartment of Bioengineering Bessemer BuildingSouth Kensington Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UKDepartment of Bioengineering Bessemer BuildingSouth Kensington Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UKSchool of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UKDepartment of Bioengineering Bessemer BuildingSouth Kensington Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UKConductive polymers, such as poly(3,4‐ethyelenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), offer exciting prospects in organic bioelectronic applications. Translation of commercially available formulations of PEDOT:PSS is hampered by leachable contaminants. Herein, a facile processing technique utilizing differences in polymer–solvent affinity and centrifugation of poor dispersions of PEDOT:PSS to remove leachable components is presented. 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the centrifugation supernatant identifies PSS as the most abundant impurity removed. To demonstrate versatility and applicability to bioelectronic applications, centrifuged PEDOT:PSS is blended with medical grade polyurethane. Bulk composite swelling and degradation are largely unaltered, and the electrochemical performance of the composite is not significantly compromised. Marked improvement in cytocompatibility is only observed in composites fabricated using centrifugation, indicating that soluble components such as PSS contribute significantly to cytotoxicity. Removal of excess PSS improves the ability of these polymer systems to act as drug delivery vehicles as evidenced by differences in chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin following electrophoretic release. It is demonstrated that excess PSS in commercial formulations can exert significant cytotoxicity, and its reduction can produce cytocompatible PEDOT:PSS materials for use across a wide spectrum of bioelectronic applications.https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202400149bioactivesconductive polymerscytocompatibilitiesdopantsdrug deliveriesorganic bioelectronics |
| spellingShingle | Joshua Killilea Aaron Lee Estelle A. Cuttaz Giovanni Carlo Miceli Leire L. Suquia Josef A. Goding Christopher A. R. Chapman Rylie A. Green “Spin‐Rinse and Repeat”: Facile Processing to Improve Cytocompatibility of Poly(3,4‐Ethyelenedioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate Composites for Bioelectronics Advanced NanoBiomed Research bioactives conductive polymers cytocompatibilities dopants drug deliveries organic bioelectronics |
| title | “Spin‐Rinse and Repeat”: Facile Processing to Improve Cytocompatibility of Poly(3,4‐Ethyelenedioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate Composites for Bioelectronics |
| title_full | “Spin‐Rinse and Repeat”: Facile Processing to Improve Cytocompatibility of Poly(3,4‐Ethyelenedioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate Composites for Bioelectronics |
| title_fullStr | “Spin‐Rinse and Repeat”: Facile Processing to Improve Cytocompatibility of Poly(3,4‐Ethyelenedioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate Composites for Bioelectronics |
| title_full_unstemmed | “Spin‐Rinse and Repeat”: Facile Processing to Improve Cytocompatibility of Poly(3,4‐Ethyelenedioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate Composites for Bioelectronics |
| title_short | “Spin‐Rinse and Repeat”: Facile Processing to Improve Cytocompatibility of Poly(3,4‐Ethyelenedioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate Composites for Bioelectronics |
| title_sort | spin rinse and repeat facile processing to improve cytocompatibility of poly 3 4 ethyelenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate composites for bioelectronics |
| topic | bioactives conductive polymers cytocompatibilities dopants drug deliveries organic bioelectronics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202400149 |
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