Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel

Premature skin aging, also known as photoaging, refers to the changes in the structure and function of the skin caused by chronic sun exposure. The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is one of the key factors that cause photoaging. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor be...

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Main Authors: Eun-Ho Lee, Junhyo Cho, In-Kyu Kang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Horticulturae
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1258
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author Eun-Ho Lee
Junhyo Cho
In-Kyu Kang
author_facet Eun-Ho Lee
Junhyo Cho
In-Kyu Kang
author_sort Eun-Ho Lee
collection DOAJ
description Premature skin aging, also known as photoaging, refers to the changes in the structure and function of the skin caused by chronic sun exposure. The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is one of the key factors that cause photoaging. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling can be an effective therapeutic strategy for ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. In this study, we used human dermal fibroblast and mouse macrophage cells to identify the mediators of skin photoaging. Quercitrin isolated from ‘Green Ball’ apple peel was treated to UVB-irradiated fibroblast cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages to identify the photoaging prevention effect of quercitrin. Genes that are associated with photoaging were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Quercitrin increased the collagen biosynthesis in UVB-irradiated fibroblast cells via regulating MMPs, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), TGFB1, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A2). In addition, quercitrin regulated p-65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and its mediators (prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide), in the NF-κB signaling process, and it inhibited the production of cytokines in LPS-induced macrophages. These results indicate that quercitrin can improve photoaging damaged skin by regulating MMPs, TGFB1, and NF-κB signaling pathway modulators.
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spelling doaj-art-7d8f2fcb8d8349fc90e987f1719ac8222025-08-20T02:57:08ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-11-011012125810.3390/horticulturae10121258Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple PeelEun-Ho Lee0Junhyo Cho1In-Kyu Kang2School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USADepartment of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaPremature skin aging, also known as photoaging, refers to the changes in the structure and function of the skin caused by chronic sun exposure. The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is one of the key factors that cause photoaging. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling can be an effective therapeutic strategy for ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. In this study, we used human dermal fibroblast and mouse macrophage cells to identify the mediators of skin photoaging. Quercitrin isolated from ‘Green Ball’ apple peel was treated to UVB-irradiated fibroblast cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages to identify the photoaging prevention effect of quercitrin. Genes that are associated with photoaging were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Quercitrin increased the collagen biosynthesis in UVB-irradiated fibroblast cells via regulating MMPs, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), TGFB1, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A2). In addition, quercitrin regulated p-65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and its mediators (prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide), in the NF-κB signaling process, and it inhibited the production of cytokines in LPS-induced macrophages. These results indicate that quercitrin can improve photoaging damaged skin by regulating MMPs, TGFB1, and NF-κB signaling pathway modulators.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1258collagencytokinematrix metalloproteinaseprotein expressionreal-time PCR
spellingShingle Eun-Ho Lee
Junhyo Cho
In-Kyu Kang
Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel
Horticulturae
collagen
cytokine
matrix metalloproteinase
protein expression
real-time PCR
title Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel
title_full Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel
title_fullStr Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel
title_full_unstemmed Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel
title_short Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel
title_sort photoaging protective effects of quercitrin isolated from green ball apple peel
topic collagen
cytokine
matrix metalloproteinase
protein expression
real-time PCR
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1258
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AT inkyukang photoagingprotectiveeffectsofquercitrinisolatedfromgreenballapplepeel