Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel
Premature skin aging, also known as photoaging, refers to the changes in the structure and function of the skin caused by chronic sun exposure. The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is one of the key factors that cause photoaging. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor be...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| author | Eun-Ho Lee Junhyo Cho In-Kyu Kang |
| author_facet | Eun-Ho Lee Junhyo Cho In-Kyu Kang |
| author_sort | Eun-Ho Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Premature skin aging, also known as photoaging, refers to the changes in the structure and function of the skin caused by chronic sun exposure. The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is one of the key factors that cause photoaging. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling can be an effective therapeutic strategy for ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. In this study, we used human dermal fibroblast and mouse macrophage cells to identify the mediators of skin photoaging. Quercitrin isolated from ‘Green Ball’ apple peel was treated to UVB-irradiated fibroblast cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages to identify the photoaging prevention effect of quercitrin. Genes that are associated with photoaging were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Quercitrin increased the collagen biosynthesis in UVB-irradiated fibroblast cells via regulating MMPs, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), TGFB1, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A2). In addition, quercitrin regulated p-65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and its mediators (prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide), in the NF-κB signaling process, and it inhibited the production of cytokines in LPS-induced macrophages. These results indicate that quercitrin can improve photoaging damaged skin by regulating MMPs, TGFB1, and NF-κB signaling pathway modulators. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7d8f2fcb8d8349fc90e987f1719ac822 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-7d8f2fcb8d8349fc90e987f1719ac8222025-08-20T02:57:08ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-11-011012125810.3390/horticulturae10121258Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple PeelEun-Ho Lee0Junhyo Cho1In-Kyu Kang2School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USADepartment of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaPremature skin aging, also known as photoaging, refers to the changes in the structure and function of the skin caused by chronic sun exposure. The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is one of the key factors that cause photoaging. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling can be an effective therapeutic strategy for ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. In this study, we used human dermal fibroblast and mouse macrophage cells to identify the mediators of skin photoaging. Quercitrin isolated from ‘Green Ball’ apple peel was treated to UVB-irradiated fibroblast cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages to identify the photoaging prevention effect of quercitrin. Genes that are associated with photoaging were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Quercitrin increased the collagen biosynthesis in UVB-irradiated fibroblast cells via regulating MMPs, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), TGFB1, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A2). In addition, quercitrin regulated p-65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and its mediators (prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide), in the NF-κB signaling process, and it inhibited the production of cytokines in LPS-induced macrophages. These results indicate that quercitrin can improve photoaging damaged skin by regulating MMPs, TGFB1, and NF-κB signaling pathway modulators.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1258collagencytokinematrix metalloproteinaseprotein expressionreal-time PCR |
| spellingShingle | Eun-Ho Lee Junhyo Cho In-Kyu Kang Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel Horticulturae collagen cytokine matrix metalloproteinase protein expression real-time PCR |
| title | Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel |
| title_full | Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel |
| title_fullStr | Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel |
| title_short | Photoaging Protective Effects of Quercitrin Isolated from ‘Green Ball’ Apple Peel |
| title_sort | photoaging protective effects of quercitrin isolated from green ball apple peel |
| topic | collagen cytokine matrix metalloproteinase protein expression real-time PCR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1258 |
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