Unlocking the life code: a review of SnoRNA functional diversity and disease relevance

Abstract Nucleolar small RNA (snoRNA), as a class of non-coding RNAs, play a crucial role in eukaryotic cells. They are widely involved in post-transcriptional modifications of ribosomal RNAs, including methylation and pseudouridylation, precisely regulating the process of ribosome biogenesis, ensur...

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Main Authors: Yinghui Li, Xinzhe Chen, Shudan Xiao, Haoxuan Wang, Bo Li, MeiHua Zhang, Kun Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Cell Communication and Signaling
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-025-02274-0
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author Yinghui Li
Xinzhe Chen
Shudan Xiao
Haoxuan Wang
Bo Li
MeiHua Zhang
Kun Wang
author_facet Yinghui Li
Xinzhe Chen
Shudan Xiao
Haoxuan Wang
Bo Li
MeiHua Zhang
Kun Wang
author_sort Yinghui Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Nucleolar small RNA (snoRNA), as a class of non-coding RNAs, play a crucial role in eukaryotic cells. They are widely involved in post-transcriptional modifications of ribosomal RNAs, including methylation and pseudouridylation, precisely regulating the process of ribosome biogenesis, ensuring the integrity of ribosome structure and function, and thereby guaranteeing the accuracy and efficiency of protein synthesis. snoRNAs not only maintain cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation under normal physiological conditions but also have abnormal expression closely associated with various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, with the innovation of research techniques, there has been a deeper exploration of the biosynthesis pathways, functional mechanisms of snoRNAs, and their potential value in disease diagnosis and treatment. This review comprehensively summarizes the structural characteristics, classification systems, biological functions, and disease associations of snoRNAs, and looks forward to future research directions, aiming to provide a systematic reference for further exploration of the mysteries of snoRNAs in related fields.
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issn 1478-811X
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series Cell Communication and Signaling
spelling doaj-art-7d8909f42de14331a6e277ca1bf099ba2025-08-20T02:30:42ZengBMCCell Communication and Signaling1478-811X2025-06-0123111910.1186/s12964-025-02274-0Unlocking the life code: a review of SnoRNA functional diversity and disease relevanceYinghui Li0Xinzhe Chen1Shudan Xiao2Haoxuan Wang3Bo Li4MeiHua Zhang5Kun Wang6Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Qingdao UniversityInstitute of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Qingdao UniversityInstitute of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Qingdao UniversityInstitute of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Qingdao UniversityInstitute of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Qingdao UniversityKey Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Qingdao UniversityKey Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Qingdao UniversityAbstract Nucleolar small RNA (snoRNA), as a class of non-coding RNAs, play a crucial role in eukaryotic cells. They are widely involved in post-transcriptional modifications of ribosomal RNAs, including methylation and pseudouridylation, precisely regulating the process of ribosome biogenesis, ensuring the integrity of ribosome structure and function, and thereby guaranteeing the accuracy and efficiency of protein synthesis. snoRNAs not only maintain cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation under normal physiological conditions but also have abnormal expression closely associated with various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, with the innovation of research techniques, there has been a deeper exploration of the biosynthesis pathways, functional mechanisms of snoRNAs, and their potential value in disease diagnosis and treatment. This review comprehensively summarizes the structural characteristics, classification systems, biological functions, and disease associations of snoRNAs, and looks forward to future research directions, aiming to provide a systematic reference for further exploration of the mysteries of snoRNAs in related fields.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-025-02274-0Nucleolar small RNAsCancerCardiovascular diseasesNeurodegenerative diseases
spellingShingle Yinghui Li
Xinzhe Chen
Shudan Xiao
Haoxuan Wang
Bo Li
MeiHua Zhang
Kun Wang
Unlocking the life code: a review of SnoRNA functional diversity and disease relevance
Cell Communication and Signaling
Nucleolar small RNAs
Cancer
Cardiovascular diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases
title Unlocking the life code: a review of SnoRNA functional diversity and disease relevance
title_full Unlocking the life code: a review of SnoRNA functional diversity and disease relevance
title_fullStr Unlocking the life code: a review of SnoRNA functional diversity and disease relevance
title_full_unstemmed Unlocking the life code: a review of SnoRNA functional diversity and disease relevance
title_short Unlocking the life code: a review of SnoRNA functional diversity and disease relevance
title_sort unlocking the life code a review of snorna functional diversity and disease relevance
topic Nucleolar small RNAs
Cancer
Cardiovascular diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-025-02274-0
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