Implementing best practice for peripheral intravenous cannula use in Australian emergency departments: a stepped-wedge cluster-controlled trial and health economic analysis protocol

Introduction Over one billion adults attend emergency departments (EDs) internationally every year, including 6.6 million in Australia. Up to half of these patients have a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) inserted. Although healthcare workers believe that placing a cannula is helpful (‘just in...

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Main Authors: Gerben Keijzers, Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Peter Cameron, Emily Callander, Louise Cullen, Gerard O’Reilly, Diana Egerton-Warburton, Helena J Teede, Joanne Enticott, Carolyn Hullick, Daniel Fatovich, Claire Rickard, Lisa Kuhn, Julia Morphet, Paul Buntine, Long Khanh-Dao Le, Sundy Ni-Yen Yang, Leah Heiss, Bibesh Pokhrel, Viet Tran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-06-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/6/e096962.full
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author Gerben Keijzers
Cathrine Mihalopoulos
Peter Cameron
Emily Callander
Louise Cullen
Gerard O’Reilly
Diana Egerton-Warburton
Helena J Teede
Joanne Enticott
Carolyn Hullick
Daniel Fatovich
Claire Rickard
Lisa Kuhn
Julia Morphet
Paul Buntine
Long Khanh-Dao Le
Sundy Ni-Yen Yang
Leah Heiss
Bibesh Pokhrel
Viet Tran
author_facet Gerben Keijzers
Cathrine Mihalopoulos
Peter Cameron
Emily Callander
Louise Cullen
Gerard O’Reilly
Diana Egerton-Warburton
Helena J Teede
Joanne Enticott
Carolyn Hullick
Daniel Fatovich
Claire Rickard
Lisa Kuhn
Julia Morphet
Paul Buntine
Long Khanh-Dao Le
Sundy Ni-Yen Yang
Leah Heiss
Bibesh Pokhrel
Viet Tran
author_sort Gerben Keijzers
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Over one billion adults attend emergency departments (EDs) internationally every year, including 6.6 million in Australia. Up to half of these patients have a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) inserted. Although healthcare workers believe that placing a cannula is helpful (‘just in case’), PIVCs often remain idle. PIVC insertion is painful for patients, takes clinicians’ attention away from other care, has adverse outcomes and causes major economic and environmental burden. Our aim is to codesign an implementation toolkit to reduce unnecessary PIVC insertions and improve other national quality indicators using an implementation science framework.Methods and analysis A stepped-wedge cluster-controlled trial will be conducted in nine ED sites (clusters) across Australia. The interventions will be codesigned with and adapted to sites based on local context. The interventions are evidence-based multimodal intervention (MMI) and aligned to the 2021 Australian Commission for Safety and Quality in Health Care National PIVC Clinical Care Standard. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Learning Health System will be used to guide implementation. Interventions will be phased across three steps (three sites per step), and each site will collect control and postintervention data using mainly routinely collected clinical data. Each site will be allocated to receive the intervention at one of three study steps. Implementation strategies will tailor broad clinician and consumer engagement, policy changes, education, audit and feedback and clinical champions, along with environment and equipment changes, to each site. The primary objective is to reduce the proportion of adult patients who have a PIVC inserted by 10%. We will evaluate the clinical, implementation and cost-effectiveness of the intervention.Study findings will be used to conduct a health economic analysis, develop an implementation toolkit and inform a sustainable roadmap for national roll-out. This will meet the needs of a diverse range of EDs nationally and internationally.Ethics and dissemination The protocol was approved by the Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC Reference Number: HREC/100808/MonH-2023-390692(v3)). The outcomes of this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and communication with study partners and stakeholders including professional colleges and the Australian Commission for Safety and Quality in Health Care.Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry registration number: ACTRN12623001248651. Date of registration: 1 December 2023. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=386256&showOriginal=true&isReview=true
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spelling doaj-art-7d7f8dfc32f94f07a47179bc948d02392025-08-20T02:07:08ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-06-0115610.1136/bmjopen-2024-096962Implementing best practice for peripheral intravenous cannula use in Australian emergency departments: a stepped-wedge cluster-controlled trial and health economic analysis protocolGerben Keijzers0Cathrine Mihalopoulos1Peter Cameron2Emily Callander3Louise Cullen4Gerard O’Reilly5Diana Egerton-Warburton6Helena J Teede7Joanne Enticott8Carolyn Hullick9Daniel Fatovich10Claire Rickard11Lisa Kuhn12Julia Morphet13Paul Buntine14Long Khanh-Dao Le15Sundy Ni-Yen Yang16Leah Heiss17Bibesh Pokhrel18Viet Tran19Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, AustraliaSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, AustraliaSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSchool of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaRoyal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland, AustraliaSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, AustraliaMonash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University - Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaMonash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University - Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaAustralian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaEmergency Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, AustraliaHerston Infectious Diseases Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, Queensland, AustraliaMonash Emergency Research Collaborative, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, AustraliaDandenong Hospital, Monash Health, Dandenong, Victoria, AustraliaEastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, AustraliaSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, AustraliaSchool of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University - Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Design, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, AustraliaNeurosurgery, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, NepalTasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, AustraliaIntroduction Over one billion adults attend emergency departments (EDs) internationally every year, including 6.6 million in Australia. Up to half of these patients have a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) inserted. Although healthcare workers believe that placing a cannula is helpful (‘just in case’), PIVCs often remain idle. PIVC insertion is painful for patients, takes clinicians’ attention away from other care, has adverse outcomes and causes major economic and environmental burden. Our aim is to codesign an implementation toolkit to reduce unnecessary PIVC insertions and improve other national quality indicators using an implementation science framework.Methods and analysis A stepped-wedge cluster-controlled trial will be conducted in nine ED sites (clusters) across Australia. The interventions will be codesigned with and adapted to sites based on local context. The interventions are evidence-based multimodal intervention (MMI) and aligned to the 2021 Australian Commission for Safety and Quality in Health Care National PIVC Clinical Care Standard. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Learning Health System will be used to guide implementation. Interventions will be phased across three steps (three sites per step), and each site will collect control and postintervention data using mainly routinely collected clinical data. Each site will be allocated to receive the intervention at one of three study steps. Implementation strategies will tailor broad clinician and consumer engagement, policy changes, education, audit and feedback and clinical champions, along with environment and equipment changes, to each site. The primary objective is to reduce the proportion of adult patients who have a PIVC inserted by 10%. We will evaluate the clinical, implementation and cost-effectiveness of the intervention.Study findings will be used to conduct a health economic analysis, develop an implementation toolkit and inform a sustainable roadmap for national roll-out. This will meet the needs of a diverse range of EDs nationally and internationally.Ethics and dissemination The protocol was approved by the Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC Reference Number: HREC/100808/MonH-2023-390692(v3)). The outcomes of this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and communication with study partners and stakeholders including professional colleges and the Australian Commission for Safety and Quality in Health Care.Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry registration number: ACTRN12623001248651. Date of registration: 1 December 2023. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=386256&showOriginal=true&isReview=truehttps://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/6/e096962.full
spellingShingle Gerben Keijzers
Cathrine Mihalopoulos
Peter Cameron
Emily Callander
Louise Cullen
Gerard O’Reilly
Diana Egerton-Warburton
Helena J Teede
Joanne Enticott
Carolyn Hullick
Daniel Fatovich
Claire Rickard
Lisa Kuhn
Julia Morphet
Paul Buntine
Long Khanh-Dao Le
Sundy Ni-Yen Yang
Leah Heiss
Bibesh Pokhrel
Viet Tran
Implementing best practice for peripheral intravenous cannula use in Australian emergency departments: a stepped-wedge cluster-controlled trial and health economic analysis protocol
BMJ Open
title Implementing best practice for peripheral intravenous cannula use in Australian emergency departments: a stepped-wedge cluster-controlled trial and health economic analysis protocol
title_full Implementing best practice for peripheral intravenous cannula use in Australian emergency departments: a stepped-wedge cluster-controlled trial and health economic analysis protocol
title_fullStr Implementing best practice for peripheral intravenous cannula use in Australian emergency departments: a stepped-wedge cluster-controlled trial and health economic analysis protocol
title_full_unstemmed Implementing best practice for peripheral intravenous cannula use in Australian emergency departments: a stepped-wedge cluster-controlled trial and health economic analysis protocol
title_short Implementing best practice for peripheral intravenous cannula use in Australian emergency departments: a stepped-wedge cluster-controlled trial and health economic analysis protocol
title_sort implementing best practice for peripheral intravenous cannula use in australian emergency departments a stepped wedge cluster controlled trial and health economic analysis protocol
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/6/e096962.full
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