Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Core Germplasm Construction of <i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold and Zucc. Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Morphological Traits

This study investigates the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships, and genetic diversity of Japanese chestnut (<i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold & Zucc.) in Liaodong, China, and across East Asia. Additionally, it evaluates core germplasm resources through cluster and population...

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Main Authors: Yanhong Cui, Xinghua Nie, Juanjuan Liu, Shihui Chu, Hanqi Liu, Kaiyuan Xu, Yi Shao, Zhannan Wang, Ruijie Zheng, Yu Xing
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/1998
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author Yanhong Cui
Xinghua Nie
Juanjuan Liu
Shihui Chu
Hanqi Liu
Kaiyuan Xu
Yi Shao
Zhannan Wang
Ruijie Zheng
Yu Xing
author_facet Yanhong Cui
Xinghua Nie
Juanjuan Liu
Shihui Chu
Hanqi Liu
Kaiyuan Xu
Yi Shao
Zhannan Wang
Ruijie Zheng
Yu Xing
author_sort Yanhong Cui
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships, and genetic diversity of Japanese chestnut (<i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold & Zucc.) in Liaodong, China, and across East Asia. Additionally, it evaluates core germplasm resources through cluster and population structure analyses using simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data from 13 <i>Castanea henryi</i>, <i>18 Castanea seguinii</i>, and 27 <i>Castanea mollissima</i>, and 142 Japanese chestnut resources. The results show that the East Asian <i>Castanea</i> genus forms a monophyletic group with distinct interspecific boundaries. Japanese chestnut and two varieties/lines of <i>C. seguinii</i> (187 and 170) form a sister clade, indicating a close phylogenetic relationship. All Japanese chestnut resources are divided into two branches, with considerable admixture. The genetic diversity analysis revealed that the 142 Japanese chestnut varieties/lines collectively possessed 141 allelic loci, with genetic distances (GDs) ranging from 0.429 to 0.880 with an average of 0.740. Based on unique characteristics, seven resources with distinctive features were selected as mandatory. A total of 41 core germplasm resources were finally determined using the simulated annealing method. The comparative analysis revealed that, aside from a notable difference in polymorphic information loci, the core germplasm and original germplasm showed no significant differences in other genetic diversity parameters. This indicates that the 41 core germplasm resources effectively preserve the genetic diversity of the original germplasm and have been influenced by artificial selection. This study provides a scientific basis for conserving and using <i>C. crenata</i> germplasm resources.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2223-7747
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publisher MDPI AG
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spelling doaj-art-7d70cbed23cc402e9e522c242f40f4e02025-08-20T03:50:16ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-06-011413199810.3390/plants14131998Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Core Germplasm Construction of <i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold and Zucc. Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Morphological TraitsYanhong Cui0Xinghua Nie1Juanjuan Liu2Shihui Chu3Hanqi Liu4Kaiyuan Xu5Yi Shao6Zhannan Wang7Ruijie Zheng8Yu Xing9Liaoning Institute of Economic Forestry, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116031, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, ChinaLiaoning Institute of Economic Forestry, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116031, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, ChinaLiaoning Institute of Economic Forestry, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116031, ChinaLiaoning Institute of Economic Forestry, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116031, ChinaLiaoning Institute of Economic Forestry, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116031, ChinaLiaoning Institute of Economic Forestry, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116031, ChinaLiaoning Institute of Economic Forestry, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116031, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, ChinaThis study investigates the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships, and genetic diversity of Japanese chestnut (<i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold & Zucc.) in Liaodong, China, and across East Asia. Additionally, it evaluates core germplasm resources through cluster and population structure analyses using simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data from 13 <i>Castanea henryi</i>, <i>18 Castanea seguinii</i>, and 27 <i>Castanea mollissima</i>, and 142 Japanese chestnut resources. The results show that the East Asian <i>Castanea</i> genus forms a monophyletic group with distinct interspecific boundaries. Japanese chestnut and two varieties/lines of <i>C. seguinii</i> (187 and 170) form a sister clade, indicating a close phylogenetic relationship. All Japanese chestnut resources are divided into two branches, with considerable admixture. The genetic diversity analysis revealed that the 142 Japanese chestnut varieties/lines collectively possessed 141 allelic loci, with genetic distances (GDs) ranging from 0.429 to 0.880 with an average of 0.740. Based on unique characteristics, seven resources with distinctive features were selected as mandatory. A total of 41 core germplasm resources were finally determined using the simulated annealing method. The comparative analysis revealed that, aside from a notable difference in polymorphic information loci, the core germplasm and original germplasm showed no significant differences in other genetic diversity parameters. This indicates that the 41 core germplasm resources effectively preserve the genetic diversity of the original germplasm and have been influenced by artificial selection. This study provides a scientific basis for conserving and using <i>C. crenata</i> germplasm resources.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/1998<i>Castanea crenata</i>SSRgenetic diversitycore collectiongermplasm management
spellingShingle Yanhong Cui
Xinghua Nie
Juanjuan Liu
Shihui Chu
Hanqi Liu
Kaiyuan Xu
Yi Shao
Zhannan Wang
Ruijie Zheng
Yu Xing
Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Core Germplasm Construction of <i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold and Zucc. Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Morphological Traits
Plants
<i>Castanea crenata</i>
SSR
genetic diversity
core collection
germplasm management
title Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Core Germplasm Construction of <i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold and Zucc. Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Morphological Traits
title_full Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Core Germplasm Construction of <i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold and Zucc. Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Morphological Traits
title_fullStr Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Core Germplasm Construction of <i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold and Zucc. Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Morphological Traits
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Core Germplasm Construction of <i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold and Zucc. Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Morphological Traits
title_short Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Core Germplasm Construction of <i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold and Zucc. Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Morphological Traits
title_sort analysis of genetic diversity and core germplasm construction of i castanea crenata i siebold and zucc using simple sequence repeat markers and morphological traits
topic <i>Castanea crenata</i>
SSR
genetic diversity
core collection
germplasm management
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/1998
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