Hybrid Metaheuristic Optimized Random Forest Models for Predicting Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Concrete

This study explores the application of hybrid machine learning models for predicting the compressive strength (CS) of alkali-activated concrete (AAC), a sustainable substitute for traditional Portland cement concrete. A random forest (RF) model was optimized using six metaheuristic algorithms: diffe...

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Main Authors: Mana Alyami, Muhammad Faisal Javed, Irfan Ullah, Hisham Alabduljabbar, Furqan Ahmad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Journal of Natural Fibers
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15440478.2025.2509123
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author Mana Alyami
Muhammad Faisal Javed
Irfan Ullah
Hisham Alabduljabbar
Furqan Ahmad
author_facet Mana Alyami
Muhammad Faisal Javed
Irfan Ullah
Hisham Alabduljabbar
Furqan Ahmad
author_sort Mana Alyami
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the application of hybrid machine learning models for predicting the compressive strength (CS) of alkali-activated concrete (AAC), a sustainable substitute for traditional Portland cement concrete. A random forest (RF) model was optimized using six metaheuristic algorithms: differential evolution (DEA), human felicity algorithm (HFA), nuclear reaction optimization (NRO), lightning search algorithm (LSA), Harris hawks optimization (HHO), and tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA). Among these, the NRO-RF model achieved the highest performance with an R2 of 0.931, surpassing TSA-RF (0.918), HHO-RF (0.846), LSA-RF (0.828), HFA-RF (0.811), and DEA-RF (0.794). These hybrid models not only offered high predictive accuracy but also delivered stable and generalizable predictions across varied mix proportions, supporting more reliable AAC design and quality control. Interpretability techniques revealed that higher SiO₂/Na₂O ratios (S/N), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and blast furnace slag ratio (BFSR) positively influenced CS, while excessive water (W), aggregate (Agg), and precursor content (PC) had negative effects. These insights provide practical guidance for optimizing mix designs. Additionally, a user-friendly graphical interface was developed to facilitate easy CS prediction, reducing reliance on physical testing and promoting efficient, data-driven decision-making in AAC development.
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issn 1544-0478
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spelling doaj-art-7d6fdb6ab9794bd192c60a78dad5e4b12025-08-20T02:02:25ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Natural Fibers1544-04781544-046X2025-12-0122110.1080/15440478.2025.2509123Hybrid Metaheuristic Optimized Random Forest Models for Predicting Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated ConcreteMana Alyami0Muhammad Faisal Javed1Irfan Ullah2Hisham Alabduljabbar3Furqan Ahmad4Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Swabi, PakistanDepartment of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi ArabiaUNHCR, AfghanistanThis study explores the application of hybrid machine learning models for predicting the compressive strength (CS) of alkali-activated concrete (AAC), a sustainable substitute for traditional Portland cement concrete. A random forest (RF) model was optimized using six metaheuristic algorithms: differential evolution (DEA), human felicity algorithm (HFA), nuclear reaction optimization (NRO), lightning search algorithm (LSA), Harris hawks optimization (HHO), and tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA). Among these, the NRO-RF model achieved the highest performance with an R2 of 0.931, surpassing TSA-RF (0.918), HHO-RF (0.846), LSA-RF (0.828), HFA-RF (0.811), and DEA-RF (0.794). These hybrid models not only offered high predictive accuracy but also delivered stable and generalizable predictions across varied mix proportions, supporting more reliable AAC design and quality control. Interpretability techniques revealed that higher SiO₂/Na₂O ratios (S/N), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and blast furnace slag ratio (BFSR) positively influenced CS, while excessive water (W), aggregate (Agg), and precursor content (PC) had negative effects. These insights provide practical guidance for optimizing mix designs. Additionally, a user-friendly graphical interface was developed to facilitate easy CS prediction, reducing reliance on physical testing and promoting efficient, data-driven decision-making in AAC development.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15440478.2025.2509123Alkali-activated concretehybrid machine learningrandom forestmodel interpretabilitymix design optimizationcompressive strength
spellingShingle Mana Alyami
Muhammad Faisal Javed
Irfan Ullah
Hisham Alabduljabbar
Furqan Ahmad
Hybrid Metaheuristic Optimized Random Forest Models for Predicting Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Concrete
Journal of Natural Fibers
Alkali-activated concrete
hybrid machine learning
random forest
model interpretability
mix design optimization
compressive strength
title Hybrid Metaheuristic Optimized Random Forest Models for Predicting Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Concrete
title_full Hybrid Metaheuristic Optimized Random Forest Models for Predicting Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Concrete
title_fullStr Hybrid Metaheuristic Optimized Random Forest Models for Predicting Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Concrete
title_full_unstemmed Hybrid Metaheuristic Optimized Random Forest Models for Predicting Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Concrete
title_short Hybrid Metaheuristic Optimized Random Forest Models for Predicting Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Concrete
title_sort hybrid metaheuristic optimized random forest models for predicting compressive strength of alkali activated concrete
topic Alkali-activated concrete
hybrid machine learning
random forest
model interpretability
mix design optimization
compressive strength
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15440478.2025.2509123
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AT irfanullah hybridmetaheuristicoptimizedrandomforestmodelsforpredictingcompressivestrengthofalkaliactivatedconcrete
AT hishamalabduljabbar hybridmetaheuristicoptimizedrandomforestmodelsforpredictingcompressivestrengthofalkaliactivatedconcrete
AT furqanahmad hybridmetaheuristicoptimizedrandomforestmodelsforpredictingcompressivestrengthofalkaliactivatedconcrete