Parent–Child Eye Gaze Congruency to Emotional Expressions Mediated by Child Aesthetic Sensitivity

Background/Objectives: Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS), particularly its aesthetic subcomponent (Aesthetic Sensitivity; AES), has been linked to individual differences in emotional processing. This study examined whether parental visual attention to emotional facial expressions predicts corresp...

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Main Authors: Antonios I. Christou, Kostas Fanti, Ioannis Mavrommatis, Georgia Soursou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Children
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/7/839
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author Antonios I. Christou
Kostas Fanti
Ioannis Mavrommatis
Georgia Soursou
author_facet Antonios I. Christou
Kostas Fanti
Ioannis Mavrommatis
Georgia Soursou
author_sort Antonios I. Christou
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS), particularly its aesthetic subcomponent (Aesthetic Sensitivity; AES), has been linked to individual differences in emotional processing. This study examined whether parental visual attention to emotional facial expressions predicts corresponding attentional patterns in their children, and whether this intergenerational concordance is mediated by child AES and moderated by child empathy. Methods: A sample of 124 Greek Cypriot parent–child dyads (children aged 7–12 years) participated in an eye-tracking experiment. Both parents and children viewed static emotional facial expressions (angry, sad, fearful, happy). Parents also completed questionnaires assessing their child’s SPS, empathy (cognitive and affective), and emotional functioning. Regression analyses and moderated mediation models were employed to explore associations between parental and child gaze patterns. Results: Children’s fixation on angry eyes was significantly predicted by parental fixation duration on the same region, as well as by child AES and empathy levels. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that the association between parent and child gaze to angry eyes was significantly mediated by child AES. However, neither cognitive nor affective empathy significantly moderated this mediation effect. Conclusions: Findings suggest that child AES plays a key mediating role in the intergenerational transmission of attentional biases to emotional stimuli. While empathy was independently associated with children’s gaze behavior, it did not moderate the AES-mediated pathway. These results highlight the importance of trait-level child sensitivity in shaping shared emotional attention patterns within families.
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spelling doaj-art-7d6e2bf8795d432da01de59186c39b102025-08-20T03:32:31ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-06-0112783910.3390/children12070839Parent–Child Eye Gaze Congruency to Emotional Expressions Mediated by Child Aesthetic SensitivityAntonios I. Christou0Kostas Fanti1Ioannis Mavrommatis2Georgia Soursou3Department of Special Education, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, GreeceDepartment of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, CyprusDepartment of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, CyprusDepartment of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, CyprusBackground/Objectives: Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS), particularly its aesthetic subcomponent (Aesthetic Sensitivity; AES), has been linked to individual differences in emotional processing. This study examined whether parental visual attention to emotional facial expressions predicts corresponding attentional patterns in their children, and whether this intergenerational concordance is mediated by child AES and moderated by child empathy. Methods: A sample of 124 Greek Cypriot parent–child dyads (children aged 7–12 years) participated in an eye-tracking experiment. Both parents and children viewed static emotional facial expressions (angry, sad, fearful, happy). Parents also completed questionnaires assessing their child’s SPS, empathy (cognitive and affective), and emotional functioning. Regression analyses and moderated mediation models were employed to explore associations between parental and child gaze patterns. Results: Children’s fixation on angry eyes was significantly predicted by parental fixation duration on the same region, as well as by child AES and empathy levels. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that the association between parent and child gaze to angry eyes was significantly mediated by child AES. However, neither cognitive nor affective empathy significantly moderated this mediation effect. Conclusions: Findings suggest that child AES plays a key mediating role in the intergenerational transmission of attentional biases to emotional stimuli. While empathy was independently associated with children’s gaze behavior, it did not moderate the AES-mediated pathway. These results highlight the importance of trait-level child sensitivity in shaping shared emotional attention patterns within families.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/7/839sensory processing sensitivityaesthetic sensitivityempathyeye gazeemotion processingparent–child dyads
spellingShingle Antonios I. Christou
Kostas Fanti
Ioannis Mavrommatis
Georgia Soursou
Parent–Child Eye Gaze Congruency to Emotional Expressions Mediated by Child Aesthetic Sensitivity
Children
sensory processing sensitivity
aesthetic sensitivity
empathy
eye gaze
emotion processing
parent–child dyads
title Parent–Child Eye Gaze Congruency to Emotional Expressions Mediated by Child Aesthetic Sensitivity
title_full Parent–Child Eye Gaze Congruency to Emotional Expressions Mediated by Child Aesthetic Sensitivity
title_fullStr Parent–Child Eye Gaze Congruency to Emotional Expressions Mediated by Child Aesthetic Sensitivity
title_full_unstemmed Parent–Child Eye Gaze Congruency to Emotional Expressions Mediated by Child Aesthetic Sensitivity
title_short Parent–Child Eye Gaze Congruency to Emotional Expressions Mediated by Child Aesthetic Sensitivity
title_sort parent child eye gaze congruency to emotional expressions mediated by child aesthetic sensitivity
topic sensory processing sensitivity
aesthetic sensitivity
empathy
eye gaze
emotion processing
parent–child dyads
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/7/839
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AT ioannismavrommatis parentchildeyegazecongruencytoemotionalexpressionsmediatedbychildaestheticsensitivity
AT georgiasoursou parentchildeyegazecongruencytoemotionalexpressionsmediatedbychildaestheticsensitivity