Fuzzy Hypothesis Testing for Radar Detection: A Statistical Approach for Reducing False Alarm and Miss Probabilities

This paper addresses a fundamental challenge in statistical radar detection systems: optimizing the trade-off between the probability of a false alarm (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><m...

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Main Authors: Ahmed K. Elsherif, Hanan Haj Ahmad, Mohamed Aboshady, Basma Mostafa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/14/2299
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author Ahmed K. Elsherif
Hanan Haj Ahmad
Mohamed Aboshady
Basma Mostafa
author_facet Ahmed K. Elsherif
Hanan Haj Ahmad
Mohamed Aboshady
Basma Mostafa
author_sort Ahmed K. Elsherif
collection DOAJ
description This paper addresses a fundamental challenge in statistical radar detection systems: optimizing the trade-off between the probability of a false alarm (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and the probability of a miss (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>M</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>). These two metrics are inversely related and critical for performance evaluation. Traditional detection approaches often enhance one aspect at the expense of the other, limiting their practical applicability. To overcome this limitation, a fuzzy hypothesis testing framework is introduced that improves decision making under uncertainty by incorporating both crisp and fuzzy data representations. The methodology is divided into three phases. In the first phase, we reduce the probability of false alarm <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> while maintaining a constant probability of miss <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>M</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> using crisp data characterized by deterministic values and classical statistical thresholds. In the second phase, the inverse scenario is considered: minimizing <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>M</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> while keeping <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> fixed. This is achieved through parameter tuning and refined threshold calibration. In the third phase, a strategy is developed to simultaneously enhance both <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>M</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, despite their inverse correlation, by adopting adaptive decision rules. To further strengthen system adaptability, fuzzy data are introduced, which effectively model imprecision and ambiguity. This enhances robustness, particularly in scenarios where rapid and accurate classification is essential. The proposed methods are validated through both real and synthetic simulations of radar measurements, demonstrating their ability to enhance detection reliability across diverse conditions. The findings confirm the applicability of fuzzy hypothesis testing for modern radar systems in both civilian and military contexts, providing a statistically sound and operationally applicable approach for reducing detection errors and optimizing system performance.
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spelling doaj-art-7d69e45fba8d42b1a14458bc7b8c57442025-08-20T03:08:06ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-07-011314229910.3390/math13142299Fuzzy Hypothesis Testing for Radar Detection: A Statistical Approach for Reducing False Alarm and Miss ProbabilitiesAhmed K. Elsherif0Hanan Haj Ahmad1Mohamed Aboshady2Basma Mostafa3Department of Mathematics, Military Technical College, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Basic Science, The General Administration of Preparatory Year, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Science, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt, El Sherook City, Cairo, EgyptOperations Research Department, Faculty of Computers & Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptThis paper addresses a fundamental challenge in statistical radar detection systems: optimizing the trade-off between the probability of a false alarm (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and the probability of a miss (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>M</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>). These two metrics are inversely related and critical for performance evaluation. Traditional detection approaches often enhance one aspect at the expense of the other, limiting their practical applicability. To overcome this limitation, a fuzzy hypothesis testing framework is introduced that improves decision making under uncertainty by incorporating both crisp and fuzzy data representations. The methodology is divided into three phases. In the first phase, we reduce the probability of false alarm <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> while maintaining a constant probability of miss <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>M</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> using crisp data characterized by deterministic values and classical statistical thresholds. In the second phase, the inverse scenario is considered: minimizing <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>M</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> while keeping <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> fixed. This is achieved through parameter tuning and refined threshold calibration. In the third phase, a strategy is developed to simultaneously enhance both <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>M</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, despite their inverse correlation, by adopting adaptive decision rules. To further strengthen system adaptability, fuzzy data are introduced, which effectively model imprecision and ambiguity. This enhances robustness, particularly in scenarios where rapid and accurate classification is essential. The proposed methods are validated through both real and synthetic simulations of radar measurements, demonstrating their ability to enhance detection reliability across diverse conditions. The findings confirm the applicability of fuzzy hypothesis testing for modern radar systems in both civilian and military contexts, providing a statistically sound and operationally applicable approach for reducing detection errors and optimizing system performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/14/2299fuzzy hypothesis testingradar detectionprobability of false alarmprobability of missstatistical decision theorycrisp and fuzzy data
spellingShingle Ahmed K. Elsherif
Hanan Haj Ahmad
Mohamed Aboshady
Basma Mostafa
Fuzzy Hypothesis Testing for Radar Detection: A Statistical Approach for Reducing False Alarm and Miss Probabilities
Mathematics
fuzzy hypothesis testing
radar detection
probability of false alarm
probability of miss
statistical decision theory
crisp and fuzzy data
title Fuzzy Hypothesis Testing for Radar Detection: A Statistical Approach for Reducing False Alarm and Miss Probabilities
title_full Fuzzy Hypothesis Testing for Radar Detection: A Statistical Approach for Reducing False Alarm and Miss Probabilities
title_fullStr Fuzzy Hypothesis Testing for Radar Detection: A Statistical Approach for Reducing False Alarm and Miss Probabilities
title_full_unstemmed Fuzzy Hypothesis Testing for Radar Detection: A Statistical Approach for Reducing False Alarm and Miss Probabilities
title_short Fuzzy Hypothesis Testing for Radar Detection: A Statistical Approach for Reducing False Alarm and Miss Probabilities
title_sort fuzzy hypothesis testing for radar detection a statistical approach for reducing false alarm and miss probabilities
topic fuzzy hypothesis testing
radar detection
probability of false alarm
probability of miss
statistical decision theory
crisp and fuzzy data
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/14/2299
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AT mohamedaboshady fuzzyhypothesistestingforradardetectionastatisticalapproachforreducingfalsealarmandmissprobabilities
AT basmamostafa fuzzyhypothesistestingforradardetectionastatisticalapproachforreducingfalsealarmandmissprobabilities