Melatonin Promotes Muscle Growth and Redirects Fat Deposition in Cashmere Goats via Gut Microbiota Modulation and Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity

Liaoning cashmere goats is a dual-purpose breed valued for premium cashmere fiber and meat yields, and there is currently a lack of optimized strategies for meat quality, including skeletal muscle development and lipid partitioning. This investigation systematically examines how melatonin administra...

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Main Authors: Di Han, Zibin Zheng, Zhenyu Su, Xianliu Wang, Shiwei Ding, Chunyan Wang, Liwen He, Wei Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/645
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author Di Han
Zibin Zheng
Zhenyu Su
Xianliu Wang
Shiwei Ding
Chunyan Wang
Liwen He
Wei Zhang
author_facet Di Han
Zibin Zheng
Zhenyu Su
Xianliu Wang
Shiwei Ding
Chunyan Wang
Liwen He
Wei Zhang
author_sort Di Han
collection DOAJ
description Liaoning cashmere goats is a dual-purpose breed valued for premium cashmere fiber and meat yields, and there is currently a lack of optimized strategies for meat quality, including skeletal muscle development and lipid partitioning. This investigation systematically examines how melatonin administration modulates gastrointestinal microbiota and antioxidant capacity to concurrently enhance skeletal muscle hypertrophy and redirect lipid deposition patterns, ultimately improving meat quality and carcass traits in Liaoning cashmere goats. Thirty female half-sibling kids were randomized into control and melatonin-treated groups (2 mg/kg live weight with subcutaneous implants). Postmortem analyses at 8 months assessed carcass traits, meat quality, muscle histology, plasma metabolites, and gut microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing). Melatonin supplementation decreased visceral adiposity (perirenal, omental, and mesenteric fat depots with a <i>p</i> < 0.05) while inducing muscle fiber hypertrophy (<i>longissimus thoracis et lumborum</i> (LTL) and biceps femoris (BF) with <i>p</i> < 0.05). The melatonin-treated group demonstrated elevated postmortem pH<sub>24</sub>h values, attenuated muscle drip loss, enhanced intramuscular protein deposition, and improved systemic antioxidant status (characterized by increased catalase and glutathione levels with concomitant reduction in malondialdehyde with <i>p</i> < 0.05). Melatonin reshaped gut microbiota, increasing α-diversity (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and enriching beneficial genera (<i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Romboutsia</i>, and <i>Akkermansia</i>), while suppressing lipogenic <i>Desulfovibrio</i> populations, and concomitant with improved intestinal morphology as evidenced by elevated villus height-to-crypt depth ratios. These findings establish that melatonin-mediated gastrointestinal microbiota remodeling drives anabolic muscle protein synthesis while optimizing fat deposition, providing a scientifically grounded strategy to enhance meat quality.
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spelling doaj-art-7d654028dcfb47cca9c428e1ad3dbb542025-08-20T03:26:25ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-05-0114664510.3390/antiox14060645Melatonin Promotes Muscle Growth and Redirects Fat Deposition in Cashmere Goats via Gut Microbiota Modulation and Enhanced Antioxidant CapacityDi Han0Zibin Zheng1Zhenyu Su2Xianliu Wang3Shiwei Ding4Chunyan Wang5Liwen He6Wei Zhang7State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaLiaoning Agricultural and Rural Development Service Center, Shenyang 111000, ChinaLiaoning Agricultural and Rural Development Service Center, Shenyang 111000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaLiaoning cashmere goats is a dual-purpose breed valued for premium cashmere fiber and meat yields, and there is currently a lack of optimized strategies for meat quality, including skeletal muscle development and lipid partitioning. This investigation systematically examines how melatonin administration modulates gastrointestinal microbiota and antioxidant capacity to concurrently enhance skeletal muscle hypertrophy and redirect lipid deposition patterns, ultimately improving meat quality and carcass traits in Liaoning cashmere goats. Thirty female half-sibling kids were randomized into control and melatonin-treated groups (2 mg/kg live weight with subcutaneous implants). Postmortem analyses at 8 months assessed carcass traits, meat quality, muscle histology, plasma metabolites, and gut microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing). Melatonin supplementation decreased visceral adiposity (perirenal, omental, and mesenteric fat depots with a <i>p</i> < 0.05) while inducing muscle fiber hypertrophy (<i>longissimus thoracis et lumborum</i> (LTL) and biceps femoris (BF) with <i>p</i> < 0.05). The melatonin-treated group demonstrated elevated postmortem pH<sub>24</sub>h values, attenuated muscle drip loss, enhanced intramuscular protein deposition, and improved systemic antioxidant status (characterized by increased catalase and glutathione levels with concomitant reduction in malondialdehyde with <i>p</i> < 0.05). Melatonin reshaped gut microbiota, increasing α-diversity (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and enriching beneficial genera (<i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Romboutsia</i>, and <i>Akkermansia</i>), while suppressing lipogenic <i>Desulfovibrio</i> populations, and concomitant with improved intestinal morphology as evidenced by elevated villus height-to-crypt depth ratios. These findings establish that melatonin-mediated gastrointestinal microbiota remodeling drives anabolic muscle protein synthesis while optimizing fat deposition, providing a scientifically grounded strategy to enhance meat quality.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/645skeletal muscle hypertrophylipid partitioningantioxidant enzymesgastrointestinal microbiotameat quality
spellingShingle Di Han
Zibin Zheng
Zhenyu Su
Xianliu Wang
Shiwei Ding
Chunyan Wang
Liwen He
Wei Zhang
Melatonin Promotes Muscle Growth and Redirects Fat Deposition in Cashmere Goats via Gut Microbiota Modulation and Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity
Antioxidants
skeletal muscle hypertrophy
lipid partitioning
antioxidant enzymes
gastrointestinal microbiota
meat quality
title Melatonin Promotes Muscle Growth and Redirects Fat Deposition in Cashmere Goats via Gut Microbiota Modulation and Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity
title_full Melatonin Promotes Muscle Growth and Redirects Fat Deposition in Cashmere Goats via Gut Microbiota Modulation and Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity
title_fullStr Melatonin Promotes Muscle Growth and Redirects Fat Deposition in Cashmere Goats via Gut Microbiota Modulation and Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity
title_full_unstemmed Melatonin Promotes Muscle Growth and Redirects Fat Deposition in Cashmere Goats via Gut Microbiota Modulation and Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity
title_short Melatonin Promotes Muscle Growth and Redirects Fat Deposition in Cashmere Goats via Gut Microbiota Modulation and Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity
title_sort melatonin promotes muscle growth and redirects fat deposition in cashmere goats via gut microbiota modulation and enhanced antioxidant capacity
topic skeletal muscle hypertrophy
lipid partitioning
antioxidant enzymes
gastrointestinal microbiota
meat quality
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/645
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