Omega-3 supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Background Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ɷ3 PUFA), have been proposed as a supplement to improve cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents. However, findings evidence remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of ɷ-3 PUFA supp...
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2025-07-01
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| Series: | Nutrition & Metabolism |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00952-x |
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| author | Vali Musazadeh Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad Pedram Pam Sanaz Brazandeh Fatemeh Faramarzi Yousef Mohammadpour Amir Hossein Faghfouri Shahsanam Gheibi |
| author_facet | Vali Musazadeh Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad Pedram Pam Sanaz Brazandeh Fatemeh Faramarzi Yousef Mohammadpour Amir Hossein Faghfouri Shahsanam Gheibi |
| author_sort | Vali Musazadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ɷ3 PUFA), have been proposed as a supplement to improve cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents. However, findings evidence remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents. Methods A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to January 2024 was searched. Data were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs). Results Nine studies with 595 participants were included. The meta-analysis revealed that ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation significantly reduced Body mass index (BMI) (WMD = -0.39 kg/m²; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.05, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.497), triglyceride (TG) (WMD = -23.54 mg/dl, 95% CI: -42.90, -4.18, I2 = 89.2%, P < 0.001), and Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.67, -0.10, I2 = 53.6%, P = 0.071). However, ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation did not significantly affect weight, BMI-Z score, Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, Total cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), and High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, subgroup analysis elucidated that ɷ-3 supplementation has more pronounced effects in higher doses (> 1500 mg/ day) in term of BMI, LDL-c, TG. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2), which identified eight studies as having a high risk of bias. Additionally, the GRADE assessment indicated a high quality of evidence for BMI, HOMA-IR, TG and moderate quality for weight, FBS, TC, LDL-c, and HDL-c values. Conclusions The current meta-analysis revealed that ɷ3 PUFA supplementation beneficial effect on BMI, HOMA-IR, and TG levels. No favorable effect of ɷ3 PUFA supplementation on weight, BMI z-score, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBS and insulin was observed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7d56ee5de74b4ec190ef19f48415caee |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1743-7075 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Nutrition & Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj-art-7d56ee5de74b4ec190ef19f48415caee2025-08-20T03:42:23ZengBMCNutrition & Metabolism1743-70752025-07-0122111410.1186/s12986-025-00952-xOmega-3 supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysisVali Musazadeh0Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad1Pedram Pam2Sanaz Brazandeh3Fatemeh Faramarzi4Yousef Mohammadpour5Amir Hossein Faghfouri6Shahsanam Gheibi7Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical SciencesMaternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical SciencesPatient Safety Research Center, Clinincal Research Institute, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical SciencesMaternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical SciencesMaternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ɷ3 PUFA), have been proposed as a supplement to improve cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents. However, findings evidence remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents. Methods A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to January 2024 was searched. Data were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs). Results Nine studies with 595 participants were included. The meta-analysis revealed that ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation significantly reduced Body mass index (BMI) (WMD = -0.39 kg/m²; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.05, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.497), triglyceride (TG) (WMD = -23.54 mg/dl, 95% CI: -42.90, -4.18, I2 = 89.2%, P < 0.001), and Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.67, -0.10, I2 = 53.6%, P = 0.071). However, ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation did not significantly affect weight, BMI-Z score, Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, Total cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), and High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, subgroup analysis elucidated that ɷ-3 supplementation has more pronounced effects in higher doses (> 1500 mg/ day) in term of BMI, LDL-c, TG. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2), which identified eight studies as having a high risk of bias. Additionally, the GRADE assessment indicated a high quality of evidence for BMI, HOMA-IR, TG and moderate quality for weight, FBS, TC, LDL-c, and HDL-c values. Conclusions The current meta-analysis revealed that ɷ3 PUFA supplementation beneficial effect on BMI, HOMA-IR, and TG levels. No favorable effect of ɷ3 PUFA supplementation on weight, BMI z-score, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBS and insulin was observed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00952-xOmega-3 fatty acidsDietary supplementCardiometabolic riskMeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Vali Musazadeh Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad Pedram Pam Sanaz Brazandeh Fatemeh Faramarzi Yousef Mohammadpour Amir Hossein Faghfouri Shahsanam Gheibi Omega-3 supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis Nutrition & Metabolism Omega-3 fatty acids Dietary supplement Cardiometabolic risk Meta-analysis |
| title | Omega-3 supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Omega-3 supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Omega-3 supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Omega-3 supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Omega-3 supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | omega 3 supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese overweight children and adolescents a grade assessed systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Omega-3 fatty acids Dietary supplement Cardiometabolic risk Meta-analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00952-x |
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