The efficacy of immediate lymphatic reconstruction in preventing breast cancer-related lymphedema: long-term follow-up study

Background: Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) has emerged as an effective intervention to reduce breast cancer-related lymphedema, which affects 2–30% of patients who undergo axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Our previous research validated ILR’s effectiveness over 14 months, but the du...

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Main Authors: Ki-Jae Kim, Sun-Hyeok Kim, Seung-Pil Jung, Eul-Sik Yoon, Jae-Ho Chung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Medical Journals Sweden 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery
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Online Access:https://medicaljournalssweden.se/JPHS/article/view/43738
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author Ki-Jae Kim
Sun-Hyeok Kim
Seung-Pil Jung
Eul-Sik Yoon
Jae-Ho Chung
author_facet Ki-Jae Kim
Sun-Hyeok Kim
Seung-Pil Jung
Eul-Sik Yoon
Jae-Ho Chung
author_sort Ki-Jae Kim
collection DOAJ
description Background: Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) has emerged as an effective intervention to reduce breast cancer-related lymphedema, which affects 2–30% of patients who undergo axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Our previous research validated ILR’s effectiveness over 14 months, but the duration was short and warranted further study. This study provides long-term evidence of its benefits in a well-defined patient cohort. Method: This retrospective cohort study included unilateral breast cancer patients who underwent ALND between November 2019 and February 2021 with ≥ 24 months of follow-up. Patients were grouped by whether ILR was attempted intraoperatively. Exclusion criteria were recurrence, prophylactic mastectomy, and pre-existing lymphedema. The primary outcome was lymphedema incidence at ≥ 24 months; the secondary was lymphedema-free survival. Outcomes were evaluated using Cox regression models. Results: Among 73 patients, we analyzed ALND patients divided into a control group (n = 57, defined as no-try or failure) and an ILR group (n = 16). The pooled median follow-up was 37 months. (range, 26~47 months). Among the ILR group, 13 underwent end-to-end anastomosis and 3 end-to-side. Postoperative lymphedema was higher in the control group (24.6%) compared to the ILR group (6.3%). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a significantly lower hazard ratio for the ILR group (HR: 0.117, 95% CI: 0.014–0.965), emphasizing ILR’s effectiveness in reducing lymphedema risk post-ALND. Additionally, survival plots illustrating lymphedema-free survival showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes ILR’s efficacy over extended follow-up. The ILR group exhibited a lower rate of postoperative lymphedema, supporting ILR as an effective preventive measure against Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema (BCRL) following ALND.
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spelling doaj-art-7d4dc9251db245e99a1ee7ebdc0de6182025-08-25T11:15:56ZengMedical Journals SwedenJournal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery2000-67642025-06-0160110.2340/jphs.v60.43738The efficacy of immediate lymphatic reconstruction in preventing breast cancer-related lymphedema: long-term follow-up studyKi-Jae Kim0Sun-Hyeok Kim1Seung-Pil Jung2Eul-Sik Yoon3Jae-Ho Chung4Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDivision of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Advanced Regeneration and Reconstruction, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Background: Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) has emerged as an effective intervention to reduce breast cancer-related lymphedema, which affects 2–30% of patients who undergo axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Our previous research validated ILR’s effectiveness over 14 months, but the duration was short and warranted further study. This study provides long-term evidence of its benefits in a well-defined patient cohort. Method: This retrospective cohort study included unilateral breast cancer patients who underwent ALND between November 2019 and February 2021 with ≥ 24 months of follow-up. Patients were grouped by whether ILR was attempted intraoperatively. Exclusion criteria were recurrence, prophylactic mastectomy, and pre-existing lymphedema. The primary outcome was lymphedema incidence at ≥ 24 months; the secondary was lymphedema-free survival. Outcomes were evaluated using Cox regression models. Results: Among 73 patients, we analyzed ALND patients divided into a control group (n = 57, defined as no-try or failure) and an ILR group (n = 16). The pooled median follow-up was 37 months. (range, 26~47 months). Among the ILR group, 13 underwent end-to-end anastomosis and 3 end-to-side. Postoperative lymphedema was higher in the control group (24.6%) compared to the ILR group (6.3%). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a significantly lower hazard ratio for the ILR group (HR: 0.117, 95% CI: 0.014–0.965), emphasizing ILR’s effectiveness in reducing lymphedema risk post-ALND. Additionally, survival plots illustrating lymphedema-free survival showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes ILR’s efficacy over extended follow-up. The ILR group exhibited a lower rate of postoperative lymphedema, supporting ILR as an effective preventive measure against Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema (BCRL) following ALND. https://medicaljournalssweden.se/JPHS/article/view/43738Lymphedemaaxillary reverse mappinglymphovenous anastomosis
spellingShingle Ki-Jae Kim
Sun-Hyeok Kim
Seung-Pil Jung
Eul-Sik Yoon
Jae-Ho Chung
The efficacy of immediate lymphatic reconstruction in preventing breast cancer-related lymphedema: long-term follow-up study
Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery
Lymphedema
axillary reverse mapping
lymphovenous anastomosis
title The efficacy of immediate lymphatic reconstruction in preventing breast cancer-related lymphedema: long-term follow-up study
title_full The efficacy of immediate lymphatic reconstruction in preventing breast cancer-related lymphedema: long-term follow-up study
title_fullStr The efficacy of immediate lymphatic reconstruction in preventing breast cancer-related lymphedema: long-term follow-up study
title_full_unstemmed The efficacy of immediate lymphatic reconstruction in preventing breast cancer-related lymphedema: long-term follow-up study
title_short The efficacy of immediate lymphatic reconstruction in preventing breast cancer-related lymphedema: long-term follow-up study
title_sort efficacy of immediate lymphatic reconstruction in preventing breast cancer related lymphedema long term follow up study
topic Lymphedema
axillary reverse mapping
lymphovenous anastomosis
url https://medicaljournalssweden.se/JPHS/article/view/43738
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