Effects of pumpkin seed extract on growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidant status, immunity, and digestive enzymes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings

Pumpkin seeds possess antioxidant, anthelmintic, cytoprotective, antidepressant, antidiabetic, and antitumor properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pumpkin seed extract (PSE) on the growth performance, blood biochemistry, oxidative stress, antioxidant status, immunity, and digestive...

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Main Authors: Tayfun Karatas, Teoman Ozgur Sokmen, Sultan Tuna Akgol Gur
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Aquaculture Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425002765
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author Tayfun Karatas
Teoman Ozgur Sokmen
Sultan Tuna Akgol Gur
author_facet Tayfun Karatas
Teoman Ozgur Sokmen
Sultan Tuna Akgol Gur
author_sort Tayfun Karatas
collection DOAJ
description Pumpkin seeds possess antioxidant, anthelmintic, cytoprotective, antidepressant, antidiabetic, and antitumor properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pumpkin seed extract (PSE) on the growth performance, blood biochemistry, oxidative stress, antioxidant status, immunity, and digestive enzyme activity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Eighty carp fingerlings (average weight: ∼13 g) were distributed into aquaria (80 × 29 × 42 cm; water volume: 100 L) with 20 fish per aquarium. The experimental design included one control group (0 % PSE) and three treatment groups supplemented with 1 %, 2 %, or 4 % PSE, each with three replicates. The fish were fed their respective diets for 70 days. The inclusion of 1 %, 2 %, and 4 % PSE significantly influenced all measured parameters. The specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with increasing dietary PSE levels. Compared to the control group, PSE supplementation at all doses markedly elevated biomarkers, such as total protein, trypsin, amylase, lipase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lysozyme, total immunoglobulin (IG), and white blood cell (WBC) counts. On the other hand, significant reductions were observed in glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The 4 % PSE treatment exhibited the most pronounced effects across all parameters. In sum, dietary supplementation with 4 % PSE effectively enhanced stress resilience, growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and digestive enzyme activity in common carp fingerlings compared to lower PSE concentrations and the untreated control group.
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spelling doaj-art-7d4d850acfa14b3982983a87b4a9baf22025-08-20T02:57:17ZengElsevierAquaculture Reports2352-51342025-09-014310289010.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102890Effects of pumpkin seed extract on growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidant status, immunity, and digestive enzymes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlingsTayfun Karatas0Teoman Ozgur Sokmen1Sultan Tuna Akgol Gur2Health Services Vocational School, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agrı 04100, TurkeyDepartment of Veterinary, Çayırlı Vocational School, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan 24503, Turkey; Corresponding author.Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25030, TurkeyPumpkin seeds possess antioxidant, anthelmintic, cytoprotective, antidepressant, antidiabetic, and antitumor properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pumpkin seed extract (PSE) on the growth performance, blood biochemistry, oxidative stress, antioxidant status, immunity, and digestive enzyme activity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Eighty carp fingerlings (average weight: ∼13 g) were distributed into aquaria (80 × 29 × 42 cm; water volume: 100 L) with 20 fish per aquarium. The experimental design included one control group (0 % PSE) and three treatment groups supplemented with 1 %, 2 %, or 4 % PSE, each with three replicates. The fish were fed their respective diets for 70 days. The inclusion of 1 %, 2 %, and 4 % PSE significantly influenced all measured parameters. The specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with increasing dietary PSE levels. Compared to the control group, PSE supplementation at all doses markedly elevated biomarkers, such as total protein, trypsin, amylase, lipase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lysozyme, total immunoglobulin (IG), and white blood cell (WBC) counts. On the other hand, significant reductions were observed in glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The 4 % PSE treatment exhibited the most pronounced effects across all parameters. In sum, dietary supplementation with 4 % PSE effectively enhanced stress resilience, growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and digestive enzyme activity in common carp fingerlings compared to lower PSE concentrations and the untreated control group.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425002765Common carpPumpkin seed extractGrowthImmunityDigestive enzymesAntioxidant status
spellingShingle Tayfun Karatas
Teoman Ozgur Sokmen
Sultan Tuna Akgol Gur
Effects of pumpkin seed extract on growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidant status, immunity, and digestive enzymes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings
Aquaculture Reports
Common carp
Pumpkin seed extract
Growth
Immunity
Digestive enzymes
Antioxidant status
title Effects of pumpkin seed extract on growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidant status, immunity, and digestive enzymes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings
title_full Effects of pumpkin seed extract on growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidant status, immunity, and digestive enzymes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings
title_fullStr Effects of pumpkin seed extract on growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidant status, immunity, and digestive enzymes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings
title_full_unstemmed Effects of pumpkin seed extract on growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidant status, immunity, and digestive enzymes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings
title_short Effects of pumpkin seed extract on growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidant status, immunity, and digestive enzymes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings
title_sort effects of pumpkin seed extract on growth blood biochemistry antioxidant status immunity and digestive enzymes of common carp cyprinus carpio l fingerlings
topic Common carp
Pumpkin seed extract
Growth
Immunity
Digestive enzymes
Antioxidant status
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425002765
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