Decoding the Hormonal, Genetic, and Environmental Signals Regulating Leaf Angle in Plants
Plant architecture is a key determinant of canopy structure, light interception, photosynthetic efficiency and overall biomass production. In response to changing environmental conditions, plants dynamically adjust their growth and architectural traits to optimize resource use and productivity. Leaf...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Plant Stress |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25001861 |
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| author | Ahmad Ali Ting-Ting Zhao Cui-Lian Feng Xue-Ting Zhao Ling Li Rui-Jie Wu Hong-Bo Liu Qi-Xing Huang Ji-Shan Lin Jun-Gang Wang |
| author_facet | Ahmad Ali Ting-Ting Zhao Cui-Lian Feng Xue-Ting Zhao Ling Li Rui-Jie Wu Hong-Bo Liu Qi-Xing Huang Ji-Shan Lin Jun-Gang Wang |
| author_sort | Ahmad Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plant architecture is a key determinant of canopy structure, light interception, photosynthetic efficiency and overall biomass production. In response to changing environmental conditions, plants dynamically adjust their growth and architectural traits to optimize resource use and productivity. Leaf angle (LA) is one of the vital agronomic traits that influences leaf orientation, with erect leaf phenotypes enhancing light capture, nitrogen use efficiency and yield, particularly advantageous in high-density planting systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the hormonal and genetic regulatory networks that control leaf structure and specifically LA. It highlights the role of major phytohormones pathways, including brassinosteroids (BR), auxin (IAA), gibberellins (GA), and cytokinins (CKs), with an emphasis on their roles in shaping leaf architecture. BR signaling, in particular, emerges as a central hub, coordinating developmental responses through extensive crosstalk with IAA, GA, and other signaling cascades. Additionally, this review also explores how environmental constraints interact with hormonal and transcriptional dynamics of these pathways to modulate LA, highlighting the complex interplay between intrinsic genetic programs and external conditions. Overall, this review explores current insights into the key genes, signaling pathways, molecular networks, and diverse environmental factors involved in LA regulation. It emphasizes their practical significance in plant architectural optimization and implications for high-density planting adaptability, crop improvement and sustainable agricultural productivity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7d4bcda0786d476cb11b0f0865db3bc1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2667-064X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plant Stress |
| spelling | doaj-art-7d4bcda0786d476cb11b0f0865db3bc12025-08-23T04:49:27ZengElsevierPlant Stress2667-064X2025-09-011710091810.1016/j.stress.2025.100918Decoding the Hormonal, Genetic, and Environmental Signals Regulating Leaf Angle in PlantsAhmad Ali0Ting-Ting Zhao1Cui-Lian Feng2Xue-Ting Zhao3Ling Li4Rui-Jie Wu5Hong-Bo Liu6Qi-Xing Huang7Ji-Shan Lin8Jun-Gang Wang9National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China; Corresponding authors.National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China; Corresponding authors.Plant architecture is a key determinant of canopy structure, light interception, photosynthetic efficiency and overall biomass production. In response to changing environmental conditions, plants dynamically adjust their growth and architectural traits to optimize resource use and productivity. Leaf angle (LA) is one of the vital agronomic traits that influences leaf orientation, with erect leaf phenotypes enhancing light capture, nitrogen use efficiency and yield, particularly advantageous in high-density planting systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the hormonal and genetic regulatory networks that control leaf structure and specifically LA. It highlights the role of major phytohormones pathways, including brassinosteroids (BR), auxin (IAA), gibberellins (GA), and cytokinins (CKs), with an emphasis on their roles in shaping leaf architecture. BR signaling, in particular, emerges as a central hub, coordinating developmental responses through extensive crosstalk with IAA, GA, and other signaling cascades. Additionally, this review also explores how environmental constraints interact with hormonal and transcriptional dynamics of these pathways to modulate LA, highlighting the complex interplay between intrinsic genetic programs and external conditions. Overall, this review explores current insights into the key genes, signaling pathways, molecular networks, and diverse environmental factors involved in LA regulation. It emphasizes their practical significance in plant architectural optimization and implications for high-density planting adaptability, crop improvement and sustainable agricultural productivity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25001861Leaf anglePlant architectureHormonal networksTranscription factorsEnvironmental constraints |
| spellingShingle | Ahmad Ali Ting-Ting Zhao Cui-Lian Feng Xue-Ting Zhao Ling Li Rui-Jie Wu Hong-Bo Liu Qi-Xing Huang Ji-Shan Lin Jun-Gang Wang Decoding the Hormonal, Genetic, and Environmental Signals Regulating Leaf Angle in Plants Plant Stress Leaf angle Plant architecture Hormonal networks Transcription factors Environmental constraints |
| title | Decoding the Hormonal, Genetic, and Environmental Signals Regulating Leaf Angle in Plants |
| title_full | Decoding the Hormonal, Genetic, and Environmental Signals Regulating Leaf Angle in Plants |
| title_fullStr | Decoding the Hormonal, Genetic, and Environmental Signals Regulating Leaf Angle in Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decoding the Hormonal, Genetic, and Environmental Signals Regulating Leaf Angle in Plants |
| title_short | Decoding the Hormonal, Genetic, and Environmental Signals Regulating Leaf Angle in Plants |
| title_sort | decoding the hormonal genetic and environmental signals regulating leaf angle in plants |
| topic | Leaf angle Plant architecture Hormonal networks Transcription factors Environmental constraints |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25001861 |
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