Ancient Science: From Effects to Ballistics Parameters

A well-equipped legionary army prepared to lay siege to Pompeii. Among the weapons deployed along the northern stretch of the city walls were battering rams and mobile siege towers equipped with ballistae and scorpions. The impact marks from Republican-era stone balls and dart tips remain visible to...

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Main Authors: Flavio Russo, Adriana Rossi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Engineering Proceedings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/96/1/2
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author Flavio Russo
Adriana Rossi
author_facet Flavio Russo
Adriana Rossi
author_sort Flavio Russo
collection DOAJ
description A well-equipped legionary army prepared to lay siege to Pompeii. Among the weapons deployed along the northern stretch of the city walls were battering rams and mobile siege towers equipped with ballistae and scorpions. The impact marks from Republican-era stone balls and dart tips remain visible today between the Vesuvio and Ercolano Gates. In 2002 and 2016, the authors surveyed significant cavities using both direct and indirect methods. The collected data were then used to calculate the volume of fractured stone material. Given the hardness of the wall ashlars, ballistic parameters were quantified based on Hellenistic treatises. The results make it possible to derive dimensions for reconstructing artillery calibrated to the observed effects.
format Article
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spelling doaj-art-7d4220fa892043ef81d8d65b464fdd282025-08-20T02:21:11ZengMDPI AGEngineering Proceedings2673-45912025-06-01961210.3390/engproc2025096002Ancient Science: From Effects to Ballistics ParametersFlavio Russo0Adriana Rossi1Archeotecnica.com, 89122 Reggio Calabria, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, ItalyA well-equipped legionary army prepared to lay siege to Pompeii. Among the weapons deployed along the northern stretch of the city walls were battering rams and mobile siege towers equipped with ballistae and scorpions. The impact marks from Republican-era stone balls and dart tips remain visible today between the Vesuvio and Ercolano Gates. In 2002 and 2016, the authors surveyed significant cavities using both direct and indirect methods. The collected data were then used to calculate the volume of fractured stone material. Given the hardness of the wall ashlars, ballistic parameters were quantified based on Hellenistic treatises. The results make it possible to derive dimensions for reconstructing artillery calibrated to the observed effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/96/1/2Pompeiiballistic impact cratersterminal ballisticsancient weaponsPhilo of ByzantiumHeron of Alexandria
spellingShingle Flavio Russo
Adriana Rossi
Ancient Science: From Effects to Ballistics Parameters
Engineering Proceedings
Pompeii
ballistic impact craters
terminal ballistics
ancient weapons
Philo of Byzantium
Heron of Alexandria
title Ancient Science: From Effects to Ballistics Parameters
title_full Ancient Science: From Effects to Ballistics Parameters
title_fullStr Ancient Science: From Effects to Ballistics Parameters
title_full_unstemmed Ancient Science: From Effects to Ballistics Parameters
title_short Ancient Science: From Effects to Ballistics Parameters
title_sort ancient science from effects to ballistics parameters
topic Pompeii
ballistic impact craters
terminal ballistics
ancient weapons
Philo of Byzantium
Heron of Alexandria
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/96/1/2
work_keys_str_mv AT flaviorusso ancientsciencefromeffectstoballisticsparameters
AT adrianarossi ancientsciencefromeffectstoballisticsparameters