Development of a Small CNC Machining Center for Physical Implementation and a Digital Twin
This work aimed to develop both a real implementation and a digital twin for a small CNC machining center. The X-, Y-, and Z-axes feed systems were realized as closed-loop motion loops with DC servo motors and encoders. Motion control was provided by Arduino boards and Pololu motor drivers. A simula...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5549 |
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| Summary: | This work aimed to develop both a real implementation and a digital twin for a small CNC machining center. The X-, Y-, and Z-axes feed systems were realized as closed-loop motion loops with DC servo motors and encoders. Motion control was provided by Arduino boards and Pololu motor drivers. A simulation study of the step response parameters was carried out, and then the positioning regime was studied, followed by the two-axis simultaneous motion regime (circular interpolation). This study, based on a hybrid simulation diagram realized in Simulink–Simscape, allowed a preliminary tuning of the PID (proportional integral derivative) controllers. Next, the CAE (computer-aided engineering) simulation diagram was complemented with the CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) simulation interface, the two together forming an integrated digital twin system. To validate the contouring performance of the proposed CNC system, a circular groove with an outer diameter of 31 mm and an inner diameter of 29 mm was machined using a 1 mm cylindrical end mill. The trajectory followed the simulated 30 mm circular path. Two sets of controller parameters were applied. Dimensional accuracy was verified using a GOM Atos Core 200 optical scanner and evaluated in GOM Inspect Suite 2020. The results demonstrated good agreement between simulation and physical execution, validating the PID tuning and system accuracy. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-3417 |